Na: Tom Ndahiro
Iyo amashyaka ya politiki arwanya ubutegetsi bwa Juvenal Habyarimana ataza gutana akareka umurage w’irondabwoko n’ivangura bikomoka kuri PARMEHUTU, u Rwanda rwari kugira amahoro. Muri ayo mashyaka, iry’ingenzi muri yo nk’uko yashinzwe muw’1991, ni MDR. Iyo MDR itaza kubakira ku murage wa PARMEHUTU, birashoboka ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itari kuba cyangwa se yanaba ikagira ubukana butangana n’ubw’iyabaye mu mwaka w’1994.
Ibi mbishingira ku ibaruwa Seth Sendashonga waje kuba yandikiye Karamira Frodouald wari Visi-Perezida wa kabiri wa MDR akaza kuba isonga ya Jenoside mu 1994. Ni ibaruwa Sendashonga yamwandikiye akayimwoherereza kuri Fax aho Karamira yari acumbitse muri Hotel Ascot, i Nairobi-Kenya. Ni ibaruwa y’ingingo eshatu narekeye umwimerere wayo (ahari igifaransa nkirekera uko uwanditse yabyanditse), nkazayisesengura nyuma. Nimwisomere !
13 mars 1992
Mon cher Karamira,
Suite à notre conversation téléphonique de ce matin, je me permets de revenir sur certains points de notre discussion en espérant que cela nous aide à clarifier les positions.
Icya mbere
L’opposition intérieure souffre idéologiquement d’avoir été formée dans le moule du MRND PARMEHUTU et du MRND et n’arrive pas à se sevrer idéologiquement du MRND. Ubundi revolusiyo ya 1959 twese dushingiraho aho yapfuye ni uko yaje isimbuza ubusumbane n’akarengane ibindi nkabyo. Byabaye kwiganzura Abatutsi aho gushyiraho Repubulika n’ubutegetsi bubereye Abanyarwanda bose.
Ni naho ikibazo cy’impunzi cyaturutse, kuko Repubulika ya mbere yafashe Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda comme des otages (ingwate), haba la moindre attaque y’Inyenzi bukica bukanabwira abaturage gutemana. Iyo logique ya prise d’otage ni nayo na Habyarimana yakoresheje ejobundi Inkotanyi ziteye afunga Abanyarwanda benshi abahora ubusa ariko cyane cyane mu Batutsi.
Kuvuga rero ko abarengana mu Rwanda atari Abatutsi gusa nibyo ariko na none kutemera ko Abatutsi barengana by’umwihariko ni ukwirengagiza ukuri. Iyo mugenda musobanurira abazungu rero uko ibyo mu Rwanda biteye mugomba kujya mushyiramo izo nuances zerekana ukuri kuko si abana barirebera.
None se bitaba ari byo byazanye ibibazo byose bikurura intambara kuki aho inyenzi zirekeye gutera, Repubulika ya mbere itavuze iti impunzi zishaka kugaruka nizitahe, ahubwo ikigira mu byo guteshanya umurongo byazanye amacakubiri hagati ya Nduga na Rukiga hanyuma Repubulika ya mbere yabona ibintu biyikomeranye ikazana ibya 1973 kugira ngo irebe ko Abahutu bakwisuganya bagasubirana ariko bikanga? Uribuka ko ibibazo bya 1973 byatangiye bavuga ngo Abatutsi ni benshi muri Université, mu mashuri no mu kazi bakibagirwa ko icyabiteraga ari uko abana b’Abahutu benshi babaga barabonye bourses i Burayi no guhorana umuhati bisanzwe mu ma communautés azi ko ari en marge de la société kandi ari discriminées.
Niba wibuka indirimbo zose za PARMEHUTU zahoraga kuri radio wavuga ko zashakaga ubwumvikane bw’Abanyarwanda ? Ndibuka neza ko muri 1973 hariho commission yanyuraga mu makomini yose ishakisha ko abana batsindiye kwimukira mu mashuri bavuze koko ubwoko bwabo nyabwo hanyuma no muri université iryo jonjora rigatangira kubera ko imyanya yo kuba mu mahanga yari imaze kuba mike noneho bakajya bakwibuka ko hari université i Butare abana b’Abahutu bagomba kubonamo imyanya.
Icya kabiri
Mu by’ukuri Habyarimana n’abasirikare be bakoranye coup d’Etat bakoresheje ibyo Repubulika ya mbere yari yarabagariye, ibikoresha biba wa mutego mutindi ushibukana nyirawo. Iyo rero MDR ikoresha indirimbo zose za MDR-PARMEHUTU uko zahoze ni ukuvuga ko héritage ya MDR-PARMEHUTU MDR nshya iyigize iyayo. Ari ibyo rero ni ukuvuga ko ntacyo iba yarivuguruyeho kuko ihera ku kwanga gukora la critique y’umubyeyi wayo ngo ivuge iti hari ibyiza yatugejejeho ni ibi n’ibi, ariko hari n’ibi n’ibi tugomba gukosora.
Aho hantu ho kwanga l’auto-critique no gukora bilan bisa no kuzingitiranya bigatuma kwizera MDR biruhije. Ni nayo mpamvu usanga mudakora un manifeste politique ngo ijye ahagaragara kubera ko tendances zikirwanira muri iyo parti ubireba akagira ati iriya parti nta wamenya uko ayifata kubera ko atazi tendance izatsinda.
Tugarutse ku bibazo byazanye iyi ntambara Habyarimana yaje azinzika ibyo yareze Repubulika ya mbere abikuba incuro cumi. Umututsi aguma kuke usibye ko iyo yabaga afite icyo yigura yagitangaga noneho yaba ari umucuruzi bwo abakomeye bagashora agatuza n’inyenyeri mu byo yishakiye abundabunda igihe Repubulika ya mbere yamwimaga akazi muri administration no muri armée.
Birumvikana ko uko ibyo bisambo byamubonagamo icyo kurya ni nako byamuhaga ama contrats de fourniture y’ibintu kubera ko bizi ko ari we buka igitutu akarekura naho Umuhutu ashobora kwihagararaho. Abanyarwanda bo hanze nabo bari batangiye kuvuga ko bashaka kuza iwabo Habyarimana abashyiraho amananiza, avuga ko Igihugu ari gito n’ibindi bageza aho batangira gushaka uburyo bwo kuzabigeraho ku ngufu.
Mu Bahutu naho ivangura ry’akarere rihabwa intebe rirakomera ku buryo Umushiru yumvaga ashobora gucira mu maso y’umuntu w’ahandi cyangwa kumwita imbwa. Ibyo bibaho tujundamye dushira duhoze. Igihe abo hanze bo biteguye batangiye programu yo kurwanya Habyarimana na regime atubwira ko baje kugarura Ubwami twese turikiriza dusubiramo iyo ntero aho kugira ngo twumve ko gukoresha intwaro urwanira uburenganzira bakwimye ari droit umuntu wese afite.
Jye mbona aho kugira ngo partis d’opposition zitware uko zibigenza zirirwa zikondana FPR zagombaga kwicecekera kuri icyo kibazo kandi aho ibintu bigeze ubu ntacyo byazitwara. Biriya byo gukomeza muvuga ngo “umwanzi” rero niho herekana ko mutaracuka kuri idéologie sectaire ya MDR-PARMEHUTU na MRND. Ubundi ama partis yagombye kuvuga ati: Habyarimana yadukururiye intambara abavandimwe yimaga uburenganzira bwabo bageze aho bagomba gufata intwaro none nimureke twumvikane duhagarike intambara turebe uko twagarura ubumwe n’ubwumvikane mu Gihugu cyacu.
Yego ndabizi ibyo kumvikana muvuga ko mubishaka ariko iyo le point de départ ari ukubanza kuvuma uwo mushaka kumvikana nawe nta bwumvikane muba mushaka, ntaho mutandukaniye na Habyarimana. Ngicyo uko ikibazo nkibona kandi mucyirengagiza mubireba kugira ngo mudakanga rutenderi bita “le sentiment hutisant” qui prédomine mu baturage. Uko kwanga kubabwira ukuri rero n’aho kutaba kubashimisha niho les extrémistes baboneraho uko bageza Igihugu muri ariya mahano yo gutemana.
Icya gatatu
Naho tugarutse ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba demokrasi yarazanywe n’intambara y’Inkotanyi cyangwa yarazanywe “ n’inkubiri y’umuyaga iturutse kwa bene Madamu » nk’uko mubivuga, jye nsanga ibyo ntacyo bitumariye guhera muri izo mpaka. Ikibazo ni ukureba niba koko iyo demokrasi turi mu nzira yayo cyangwa niba hari inzitizi zitubuza kuyigeraho. Jye ndabona inzitizi atari intambara y’Inkotanyi ahubwo ari ubutegetsi bugundira budashaka kumvikana n’abo bwarakaje kugeza ubwo bafata intwaro kandi ntibunashake kumvikana n’abo bwari bwarakandagiye imbere mu Gihugu. Abo bombi ahubwo nibo bagombaga kwiyunga bakabukuraho niba bwanze kuva ku izima.
Ubundi Abazungu bo muri Occident ntawe bigeze bashyira demokrasi ku mbehe n’ubundi nibo bafashaga ubutegetsi bumaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu bukandagira Abanyafrika. Abo mu bihugu bya gikomunisti babukaga igitutu kuri les droits de l’homme guhera kera ariko umudictateur w’iwacu yakwica ibihumbi ntihagire ukoma bagakomeza bakagurisha intwaro bakanicururiza. Kuvuga rero ko ngo mwene madamu yatuzaniye demokrasi ni amateshwa harimo poésie yego ariko si ho ukuri kuri.
Demokrasi yo muri Benin yazanywe na grèves z’abarimu, abanyeshuri n’abagore bo mu isoko berekanaga ko barambiwe ubutegetsi bw’igitugu. Muri Togo ni uko uzi abantu bagombye gupfa kandi no muri Gabon uribuka grèves zaho. Ahubwo ho Ubufaransa bwihutiye gusubizaho Bongo abaturage bari bamuhiritse none muri Togo no muri Kongo abasirikare barajujubya Gouvernements de transition zashyizweho na conférences nationales la France ikicecekera. Ubu se ko itari yafasha abazayirwa gukuraho ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu. Mu by’ukuri abazungu iyo bafashije bafasha uwifashije.
Iwacu ho twari twarabunze nk’utubwana urabyemera. Kubona nk’umugabo nka Gatabazi, Nzamurambaho, Birara, Bicamumpaka, Ntirugirimbabazi, Nduhungirehe n’abandi benshi baratinye gusinya ka kantu kacu biratwereka aho twari turi. Habyarimana yabonye yiteranyije na Mitterrand ku byo yavugiye i La Baule avuga ko azashyiraho commission itwigira demokrasi twifuza ariko asa n’aho ayibwiye kuzatera mu rye ko twifuza responsable ya MRND. Agejeje mu kwa cyenda ntayo arashyiraho tumwandikiye ashyiraho commission le 21/09/1990 intambara nayo izamo 01/10/1990.
Hanyuma aho agiye za Mwanza bati umvikana na opposition armee yawe unumvikane na opposition intérieure iriho en état latent. Ati ndiyo bwana ariko afite imigambi yo kubicubya hanyuma nibwo aje no kwemera multipartisme ariko yiha longeur d’avance aturindagiriza muri commission de synthèse, avugurura parti ye pendant ko izindi azikumiriye ngo nizitegereze ko ashyiraho itegeko nshinga yikoreye ku giti cye n’amategeko azagenga ama partis, etc …
Simpamya ko multipartisme itari kuza mu Rwanda ariko ikigaragara ni uko ari intambara yayihutishije ibyo nta wagombye kubitindaho cyangwa ngo abihakane kuko atari we wabyigejejeho. Niyo mpamvu mbona kujya kubwira abazungu ko atari FPR yazanye demokrasi nk’uko ubivuga atari byo byagombaga kubashishikaza ahubwo icya ngombwa ni ukubasaba gukora pression kuri régime ku buryo yumvikana n’abantu bose.
Naho ibyerekeye FPR birumvikana ko yifuza kubona garantie ko itahuka ryabo ubwabo (abarwana) n’impunzi bitazazana ibyo kuba des citoyens de seconde zone muri système itahindutse. No gushaka ko ababo bajya mu basirikare kandi jye mbyumva nka signe y’iyo garantie nyine no kwerekana koko ko imitima yahindutse.
Nizeye ko uzamenyesha uko conferences zagenze. Umbabarire kuvuga menshi muri politike nkunda kuvuga icyo ntekereza ndaciye mu nzira nyinshi. Niba naguhaye impression ko ntekereza ko MDR ikiri éthniste si impression ahubwo ni convictions kubera ko nta garantie iranyereka ko yahindutse koko yemera gukora l’autocritique. Le MDR se réclame de la filiation du MDR-PARMEHUTU et de l’oeuvre de Kayibanda ntishobora kwanga ko tuyibaza des questions sur le bilan de cette œuvre!
Amicalement,
Seth Sendashonga