Na: Tom Ndahiro
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi iba mu 1994, Sophia Nyirabuhake wari umugore wa Dominique Mbonyumutwa yari i Gitarama aho yari amaze hafi imyaka umunani kuva apfakaye. Agomba kuba yarabonye byinshi akumva byinshi.
Nyirabuhake, ntabwo yasaziye mu Rwanda. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no gutsindwa kwa guverinoma yayiteguye ikanayikora, abahungu be baramuhungishije bamujyana mu gihugu cy’Ububiligi ho yaguye mu mwaka w’2009.
Ukurikije ibyanditse kw’ifoto ye ku munsi wo kumuhamba, ukareba n’ibyanditswe n’umuhungu we Shingiro Mbonyumutwa mu gitabo cye ‘Rwanda: à quand la démocratie? 2 guerres civiles sur 1 génération’ Nyirabuhake yapfuye akabakaba imyaka mirongo icyenda n’ibiri.
Mu moko yashyizweho n’Ababiligi mu Rwanda, agakurikizwa na za Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri ntiyari ahuje ubwoko n’umugabo we. Nyirabuhake yari Umututsikazi. Ibyinshi bibi byabaye ku Batutsi kuva mu 1959 kugeza ubwo avamo umwuka muw’2009, harimo za Jenoside zakozwe mu bihe bitandukanye, kuyihakana no kuyipfobya, abo mu muryango we babigizemo uruhare.
Muri ibyo bibi cyane byabaye mu Rwanda, ibitarakozwe n’umugabo we n’inshuti ze, byakozwe n’abana be, abakwe be, ubu bikaba bigeze ku buzukuru bagikomeza aho ababyeyi babo batazageza cyangwa batagejeje.
Nyirabuhake na Mbonyumutwa babyaye abana barindwi. Abahungu batatu n’abakobwa bane. Abo bana n’uko bakurikirana ni Shingiro Mbonyumutwa, Marie-Claire Mukamugema, Félicitée Musanganire, Perpétue Muramutse, Thomas Kigufi, Joseph Kimenyi na Bernadette Nyiratunga.
Niba hari umuntu ugomba kuba yari yarapfuye ahagaze kubera agahinda, ni uyu mubyeyi. Cyane cyane mu myaka mirongo itanu ya nyuma, birenze 50% by’ubuzima bwe. Muri aba bana ba Mbonyumutwa na Nyirabuhake uko ari barindwi, uretse babiri, Joseph Kimenyi na Bernadette Nyiratunga (ntazi neza ibye), abasigaye bose bagize uruhare muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ari mbere y’ukwezi kwa Mata 1994, ari na nyuma.
Guverinoma y’Abajenosideri iyobowe na Theodore Sindikubwabo na Jean Kambanda yimukiye i Murambi hafi yo kwa Mbonyumutwa ku itariki ya 12 Mata 1994. Mubakoze muri iyo guverinoma, hari abo mu mu muryango wa Mbonyumutwa babiri. Uwa mbere ni Shingiro Mbonyumutwa wari Directeur de Cabinet wa Minisitiri w’Intebe Jean Kambanda n’umwuzukuru we Maryse Mbonyumutwa wakoraga mu biro bya Perezida Sindikubwabo. Uyu Maryse akaba umwana wa mbere wa Shingiro.
Iby’umuryango wa Shingiro nzabivuga ubutaha. Reka mpere kubatajya bavugwa, mpereye kuri Félicitée Musanganire ubu uba muri Afrika y’epfo hamwe n’umugabo we Dr. Pierre Mugabo wigishaga cyangwa ucyigisha muri Kaminuza ya Western Cape.
Mu mwaka w’ 2006, Urukiko Gacaca mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo rwakatiye uyu mukobwa wa Mbonyumutwa adahari igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Ibyo abaturage bamushinje bikamuhama harimo n’urupfu rwa Prof. Pierre-Claver Karenzi biciye kuri bariyeri y’imbere ya Hotel Faucon, mu mujyi wa Butare. Kuri iyo bariyeri ngo Félicitée Musanganire yakoraga akazi ko kugenzura indangamuntu, agatandukanya Abahutu bo gukira n’Abatutsi bo kwicwa.
Umugabo wa Félicitée, Dr. Pierre Mugabo, ari mu baganga bakoraga muri Kaminuza i Butare bahamwe n’icyaha cya Jenoside. Bamwe mu baganga bahamijwe icyo cyaha ni Dr Alphonse Karemera, Dr Bruno Ngirabatware, Dr Ignace Bigirimana, Dr Geoffroy Gatera, Dr Sosthène Munyemana (Aba muri France), Dr Charles Sijyeniyo, Dr Jean Népomuscène Nsengiyumva na Dr Pascal Habarugira. Abo ni bamwe mu baganga baretse umwuga uramira ubuzima ahubwo bagahitamo kwica.
Perpetue Muramutse akurikira Musanganire. Mu kwita amazina hajemo inganzo y’ubusizi. Iyo Musanganire akurikirwa na Muramutatse bifite injyana. Usanganira umuntu ukamuramutsa.
Perpetue Muramutse yatangiye kwigaragaza mu bikorwa byo gushyigikira Leta y’abajenosideri muri Gicurasi 1994 banyuze muri za ONG. Icyo gihe mu byo bandikaga yagaragazaga ko ari (Homologue de chef de projet PRO-MET, Promotion des Metiers-Care Deutschland).
Kuva yava mu Rwanda ku itariki ya 13 Nyakanga 1994, yongeye ubukana mu kwenyegeza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Muramutse ubu uba mu gihugu cya Canada hamwe n’umugabo we Faustin Nsabimana aho akomeza gutera-hamwe n’abandi bahuje umugambi. Ni umugabo kandi ni uko ibyo yandika bikubwira uwo ari we.
Mu mikorere isanzwe y’abajenosideri yo guhisha ibikorwa bakoresheje amazina meza y’ibikorwa byabo by’ubugome, Perpetue Muramutse na bagenzi be ntibatanzwe. Bashinze icyo bise “Urunana Mpuzamahanga rw’Abari n’Abategarugori Ruhanira Demokarasi n’Amahoro” mu bihugu by’akarere k’ibiyaga bigari k’Afurika. N’ubwo biyita ko ari ishyirahamwe ryigenga, ibikorwa byayo birigaragaza nk’ishami rya FDU-Inkingi.
Ibikorwa “bikomeye” bamaze kugeraho ni bibiri muri iyo politiki yabo y’ubugome n’urwango. Icya mbere ni igihembo cyitiriwe Ingabire Victoire Umuhoza. Icya kabiri ni igihembo cyagenewe guhemba urubyiruko rushishikaye/rufite umwete (Prix Jeunesse Engagée). Ntabwo washyigikira Ingabire Victoire ngo ube witandukanyije na FDLR cyangwa FDU-Inkingi.
Abamaze kubona iyo ngirwa gihembo cyitiriwe Ingabire, uretse Ingabire wagihawe mbere, kandi gisanzwe kimwitirirwa, uretse agakingirizo k’abajenosideri Deo Mushayidi na mugenzi we umwe, abandi ni abanyamahanga bazwi cyane mu gushyigikira abajenosideri.
Ingero z’ababonye igihembo cy’umujenosideri Ingabire, ni nka Colonel Luc Marchal w’Umubiligi wagize uruhare mu gutererana Abatutsi bicwaga kuko ari we wari ukuriye ingabo z’Ababiligi zari mu Rwanda mu 1994. Uwo Marchal amaze kugera mu mahanga yahindutse inshuti magara y’abajenosideri.
Abandi bahawe icyo gihembo cyo gushyigikira ubugome ni abanyamakuru barengera abajenosideri nk’Umunyamerikakazi Ann Garrison, Umuholandikazi witwa Anneke Verbraeken wahogojwe n’uko igihugu cye cyohereje mu Rwanda Jean Baptiste Mugimba wahoze ari Umunyamabanga wa CDR, n’interahamwe yitwa Jean Claude IYAMUREMYE alias Nzinga.
Iryo shyirahamwe rya Muramutse ryanahembye umunyamakuru w’umunya Canada witwa Judi Rever bahuje ibitekerezo. Ukoresheje internet, wabona n’abandi bitari ngombwa kurondora.
Ingabire Victoire afite umubano wihariye n’umuryango wa Mbonyumutwa. Umuntu abyise ko ari abafatanyabugome (si abafatanyabikorwa gusa) byaga ari ugushyira mu gaciro. Mu mwaka w’2010 Ingabire Victoire agarutse mu Rwanda yihutiye kujya gusura no kwunamira imva ya Dominique Mbonyumutwa. Impamvu nta yindi ni iyo.
Iyo ushaka kumenya umuntu ushyigikira Jenoside, uzajye ureba uwo Muramutse na bagenzi be bahaye igihembo. Icyo gihembo kindi cy’abasore batagoheka, uwa mbere wagihawe ni Ruhumuza Mbonyumutwa mwene Shingiro Mbonyumutwa akaba umwisengeneza wa Muramutse.
Uwa kabiri wagihawe ni Placide Kayumba mwene Ntawukuliryayo Dominique wakatiwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwa Arusha kubera ubwicanyi bw’Abatutsi ibihumbi mirongo itatu muri Gisagara aho yari Su-Perefe. Kayumba na Ruhumuza bombi bashinze ishyirahamwe Jambo Asbl rikorera mu Bubiligi. Baranariyoboye mu kazi k’ubuvugizi bw’abajenosideri ahanini higanjemo ababyeyi b’abanyamuryango. Icyo gihembo kuri abo bagabo babiri ba jambo kikaba icyo kubatera ingabo mu bitugu ngo bakomereze aho.
Undi mwene Mbonyumutwa wamamaye muri Jenoside, ari nawe nshorejeho muri iyi nyandiko ni Thomas Kigufi. Kigufi amaze imyaka myinshi ku rutonde rw’abantu bashakishwa na Leta y’u Rwanda kubera Jenoside. Ubu Kigufi akaba yarahungiye ubutabera mu gihugu cya New Zealand. Ukurikije ubuhamya butandukanye bwagiye buvugirwa muri ICTR, Kigufi yari mu bantu bateguye bakanayobora Jenoside.
Ukoresheje internet gusa, Kigufi mwene Mbonyumutwa umubona hafi cyane y’ubuyobozi bw’Interahamwe dore ko we atari muri MDR nka mukuru we Shingiro. Uretse ko MDR-PAwa yari kimwe na MRND-CDR. Kigufi yari muri MRND ayikomeyemo, akanagira n’uruhare mu ishingwa ry’ubuyobozi bw’umutwe w’Interahamwe.
Ibikorwa bibi by’abana babiri ba Mbonyumutwa basigaye, kimwe n’abuzukuru be, by’umwihariko abana ba Shingiro, ni ah’ubutaha.
Biracyaza…