Ndahiro Tom
Kigali, 18 Mata 2008
Tel: 08302014
E-mail: tndahiro@gmail.com
Bwana Muyobozi Mukuru wa (ORINFOR) -Kigali.
Bwana Muyobozi Mukuru wa Radio 10 -Kigali.
Bayobozi,
Mbandikiye nk’abantu muyobora ibitangazamakuru bifitanye
imikoranire n’ubufatanye bwihariye na Radiyo BBC[1]. ORINFOR ifitanye
n’iyo radiyo ubufatanye bumaze igihe kinini naho RADIO 10 yo bukaba
bumaze igihe gito.
Ni indi mpuruza ku kibazo cy’iyo radiyo kimaze hafi imyaka 10.
Mbyise indi mpuruza kuko atari ubwa mbere nkoma akamo kubera
ibiyivugirwamo. Harimo abayihinduye umuyoboro-ndangurur ajwi
w’abajenosideri n’ingengabitekerezo yabo cyane cyane mu ndimi
z’ikinyarwanda n’ikirundi. No mu ndimi z’igiswayire, icyongereza
n’igifaransa bigaragaramo ariko si cyane
Ibyavuzwe kuli iyo radiyo byerekeye iki ikibazo mbagejejeho,
byagombye kuba byaritaweho kera. Mu mwaka w’2006 hasohotse raporo ku
bushakashatsi bwa Sena ku ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu Rwanda n’uko
yarandurwa burundu. Iyo raporo yaragaragaje ko 75% by’abanyarwanda
bemeza ko mu itangazamakuru, muri za raporo z’impuguke cyangwa
z’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta harimo abahakana jenoside
n’abakwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo yayo.
Mu itangazamakuru hanavuzwemo amaradiyo yo hanze abiri inyuma,
by’umwihariko havugwamo n’avuga mu rurimi rw’ikinyarwanda. Ayo
maradiyo yumvikana mubaturage benshi mu Rwanda yavuzwe mu mazina yayo,
ko ari Ijwi rya Amerika na BBC-Gahuzamiryango. Amahuriro cyangwa
amashyirahamwe yavuzwe ni FDLR na RDR.
Muri iyo raporo ya Sena, abashakashatsi banagaragaje ibyiciro
by’imvugo ikoreshwa n’abo bahakanyi n’ababibyi ba jenoside.
Banerekanye ko hafi 58% y’ababajijwe basubije ko ibyo bikorwa
by’ubugome bihembera ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside mubanyarwanda
basanzwe (p.42-43).
Hari ibaruwa mperutse kwandikira MUGENZI Ally Yusuf uyobora
BBC-Gahuzamiryango, kuko ari nacyo gice cy’iyo radiyo cyatumye nandika
(kopi ndayiyibahaye) . Nkuko mubibona, namwandikiye atari ubwa mbere
mugejejeho icyo kibazo, agahitamo kuvunira ibiti mu matwi. Kugeza ubu
mbandikira, MUGENZI ntararusubiza.
Kutansubiza kwe ntibyantangaje cyangwa ngo bintungure. Nabifashe
nk’uburyo Mugenzi yasanze bwatuma ndekera aho gukomeza gukurikirana
iki kibazo, nkuko byagenze kuva mu myaka ine (4) ishize.
Narabitekereje cyane, nsanga ndahagurukiye uko guceceka n’ubugome iyo
radiyo yamamaza butamenyekana, naba mbaye icyitso cyabo.
Nemera ko nta buryo raporo ya Sena y’u Rwanda yasohoka, ivuga ku
kibazo gikomeye nk’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside umunyamakuru nka
Mugenzi cyangwa abo bakorana ntibayisome. Yarayisomye ahitamo
kwikomereza nkaho ntacyigeze kivugwa.
Ibitari bike muri ibi mbandikiye, narabyanditse ndanabivuga
mubiganiro cyangwa mu nyandiko zitandukanye. Urugero mubyo nigeze
kuvuga kuli iki kibazo cy’ingutu ni ikiganiro nakoze mu mwaka w’2007,
mbwira Inteko Ishingamategeko y’U Rwanda mu kiganiro nise
“Ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside muri Radiyo BBC.”
Ni nayo mpamvu mu gihe nibutsaga MUGENZI itariki yo kuba
yanshubije, namutumyeho uwo bakorana witwa Felin Gakwaya, ko no
kutansubiza nzabifata nk’igisubizo.
Ikindi mubyatumye ndatangazwa na MUGENZI kutansubiza, ni uko
ibibazo namubajije, ntekereza ko kubisubiza byamukomereye cyane, ku
buryo yasanze kudasubiza biruta gusubiza.
Mu bisubizo, nta mahitamo menshi yari afite. Hari ukwigira injiji
agasubiza yerekana ko hari ibyo atazi cyangwa se akerekana ko guha
ijambo abajenosideri ari amafuti n’amakosa akomeye. Ibyo akaba atari
kubikora azi neza ko namuhaye amakuru ahagije ku bantu baha urubuga,
bahakana bakanapfobya jenoside. Ikindi kibazo cyo kwigira injiji, ni
uko byari kumutesha agaciro nk’umuyobozi, bikanasebya radiyo akoreye
igihe kinini.
Iyo adakora ibyo kandi, yari kuvugisha ukuri akerura akerekana
neza ko ibyo akora abikora abigambiriye.
Ibibazo namubajije ni ibi:
.Umuntu cyangwa umuryango uvuga ko nta jenoside y’abatutsi
yakozwe mu Rwanda ni uwo guha ijambo kuri BBC Gahuzamiryango uyobora?
· Umuntu cyangwa umuryango utangaza ku mugaragaro ko
abakoze jenoside badakwiye gukurikiranwa n’amategeko ni uwo kujya nawe
impaka kuli Radiyo nk’iyo mukorera?
· Umuntu cyangwa umuryango ushimangira ko jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi mu Rwanda cyari igikorwa cya ngombwa muri politiki, kuli
mwe mubabona ko bakora politiki bahabwa ijambo ngo bavuge irihe?
· Waba wemera ko politiki n’ibitekerezo by’ivangura
n’irondabwoko bidakwiye kwamamazwa ndetse ko nta mwanya bikwiye
guhabwa kuri radiyo iyo ariyo yose uretse n’iyumvwa cyane nk’iyo
mukorera? Mu gihe ibyo bintu bikozwe, wumva nta ngaruka byagira mu
muryango mugari w’igihugu nk’u Rwanda?
· Umuntu cyangwa umuryango wihandagaza akavuga ko jenoside
yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda itagira abayikoze, ntigire abayikorewe
n’abayihagaritse, umuha ijambo ngo akubwire iki?
· Waba uzi ko abakoze jenoside mu Rwanda bahora bifuza
gukoresha itangazamakuru cyane cyane amaradiyo mpuzamahanga kugirango
bakwize ingengabitekerezo yabo? Waba uzi ko Radiyo mukorera iri muzo
biyemeje kera kuzakoresha?
· Waba wemera ko guhakana no gupfobya jenoside ari icyaha
gikwiye guhanwa n’amategeko ndetse kikamaganwa n’umuntu wese ushyira
mu gaciro?
· Waba uzi uburyo (cyane cyane imvugo) bukoreshwa n’ababiba
ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, abahakana n’abapfobya jenoside? Niba
ubuzi wambwira nibura uburyo nka butandatu bukoreshwa cyane?
· Wemera ko inkuru yanditse cyangwa ivuzwe ishobora guteza
abantu cyangwa umuntu umwe umutekano muke kugeza ku urupfu?
· Mu mateka ya BBC itari Gahuzamiryango, iha ijambo aba
Nazi bazwi, n’abahakana Shoah?
Nabajije MUGENZI ibibazo bigizwe ahanini n’ibyoroshye gusubiza.
Mbibashyize imbere namwe ngo bibabe hafi. Muzabyibaza cyangwa
mubimbarize, kugirango tumenye impamvu BBC-Gahuzamiryango imaze imyaka
ikora ako kuroga abagenewe kuyumva. Ndahera ku kibazo cya nyuma
mbasobanurira impamvu. Ndagerageza gutanga ibisobanuro n’ingero
zirambuye, kugirango imvugo ikoreshwa yumvikane neza kandi uko iri,
bitarimo inyumvishabimane. Amateka aberaho kutuyobora si ukutuyobya.
Guha ijambo aba Nazi n’abahakana Shoah
Mu rwego irimo, Radiyo nka BBC, igomba kuba izi neza ko hari
ibivugwa n’ibitavugwa. Byaba ari igitangaza BBC, mu ndimi ivuga
z’abanyaburayi nk’Icyongereza n’Igifaransa cyangwa Ikidage, mu myaka
ya kera cyangwa ya vuba, yaba yarigeze gufata umwanya w’iminota 60
ikavugisha abayobozi b’abanazi bakatiwe bagafungwa. Aba-Nazi bari mu
rwego rukomeye nk’urwa Kambanda Jean wabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa
guverinoma y’abajenosideri akaba yaranemeye icyaha yakoze.
Bwana muyobozi wa ORINFOR na RADIO 10, kubera umubano wihariye
mufitanye na BBC, muzabasabe babahe amajwi baba baratangaje
y’abayobozi bungirije Hitler nyuma yo kuburanishwa bagakatirwa.
Nibatayabaha muzababaze impamvu bemera ko bikorerwa abanyarwanda.
Dukeneye kubimenya.
Muribuka ko ku itariki ya 20 Werurwe 2004, mu gihe twiteguraga
kwibuka jenoside ku nshuro ya 10 ari bwo BBC-Gahuzamiryango mu
kiganiro cyayo “IMVO N’IMVANO” yahaye abayobozi ba jenoside urubuga
rw’iminota 60 bavuga ibyo bashatse byose birimo kwishongora. Icyo
batavuze, ni ukwicuza ibyo bakoze.
Kambanda kimwe n’abandi bajenosideri bahawe rugari n’umunyamakuru
wa BBC, Venuste Nshimiyimana, ntacyo bigeze bavuga ngo berekane ko
bababajwe n’ibyo bakoze. Kugirango no mu mvugo yabo bagire icyo bavuga
kigaragaza ko bababajwe n’ibyo bakoze, ni umunyamakuru wagombaga
kubibaza. Ntiyabikoze, kandi hagomba kuba hari impamvu.
Abo bayobozi ba BBC (uretse MUGENZI) bashobora kuba batumva neza
ikibazo cyo kuvugana n’abicanyi bazwi kubera ko ururimi rukoreshwa
batarwumva kandi ko bo bitabareba. Ndetse bashobora kuba batazi ko
n’umunyamakuru Nshimiyimana wagiye muli Mali kuvugana n’abo bicanyi
nawe ari umunyarwanda uziranye n’abo bicanyi.
Mu bushakashatsi nakoze nasanze uwo Nshimiyimana ari inshuti
n’inkora mutima ya Jean Kambanda. Ubucuti bw’uwo munyamakuru wa BBC na
Minisitiri w’intebe wa guverinoma y’abajenosideri bwarakomeje na nyuma
ya jenoside. Ibijyanye n’ubwo bucuti biri mubuhamya Kambanda yahaye
abagenzacyaha ba ICTR.
Uretse na Kambanda, uwo umunyamakuru wazinduwe no gushaka amajwi
y’abajenosideri ngo azayamamaze mu IMVO N’IMVANO, yari inkoramutima
cyane ya Perezida Habyarimana ndetse akaba yarigeze kumukoresha akazi
ko kumunekera amadini n’amashyaka, mu gihe cyo kunoza umugambi wa
jenoside.
Sinshidikanya ko ubuyobozi bwa Radiyo BBC buzi amakuru ajyanye
n’abanyaburayi babaye ba ruvumwa kubera ko bavuga cyangwa bandika
amakuru cyangwa amateka apfobya cyangwa ahakana jenoside y’Abayahudi.
Bazi neza iby’umwongereza David Irving n’umufaransa Robert Faurisson.
Bakaba bagomba kumenya n’umubiligi witwa Siegfried Verbeke watanzwe
n’ubuholandi akajyanwa mu Budage gukurikiranwa n’inkiko. Abo mvuze ni
kimwe na Germar Rudolf watanzwe na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika
akisanga mu maboko y’ubutabera mu burayi MUGENZI w’umunyarwanda atuyemo.
Byaba ari igitangaza radiyo nka BBC itarakurikiranye ibyabaye kuli
René-Louis Berclaz n’uburyo yageze mu busuwisi, kimwe n’ibya Ernst
Zündel ahererekanywa n’ibihugu bya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika,
Canada n’Ubudage. Ibyo ukabimenyera ku mpamvu z’uko icyo abo bose
bazira ari uguhakana no gupfobya icyaha gisa n’icyakozwe iwanyu.
Kubijyanye na Irving, incamake y’ubuzima bwe bwo guhakana jenoside
y’abayahudi wayibona guhera mu 1963 kugera 2006. BBC Mugenzi akorera
irabizi. Incamake y’amateka ya Irving ili kuli:
http://news. bbc.co.uk/ 2/hi/europe/ 4720452.stm
Ikindi cy’ingenzi dukeneye kumenya, ni inshuro BBC yaba yarahaye
urubuga abo bantu bazwi ko bapfobya jenoside y’abayahudi n’impamvu
babahaye urubuga rwo kuvugira kuli radiyo yabo. Muzanamenye niba hari
umunyamakuru wa BBC wigeze asanga Irving muri gereza yo muri Austria
akamuha Interview, nkuko Nshimiyimana yazigiranye n’abajenosideri bari
muli gereza y’i Bamako-Mali.
Impamvu tugomba kumenya inshuro n’impamvu abo bahakana Shoah baba
baraherewe ijambo na BBC, ni uko kenshi abajenosideri n’abahakana
jenoside y’abatutsi bahabwa ijambo, byitwa ko “batavuga rumwe na leta
y’u Rwanda”. Icyo gihe bazatubwira leta zitavuga rumwe n’abo bahakanyi
ba Shoah.
Amakuru n’urupfu.
Iminsi mike mbere y’uko MUGENZI antuka anziza ko mubwije ukuri
adashaka kumva, hari hashize igihe radiyo BBC yemeye kumugaragaro ko
hari amakuru yanze gutangaza nkana. Ayo makuru mvuga n’ay’igikomangoma
Harry wari wajyanye n’abasirikare bagenzi be mu gihugu cya Afghanistan.
Kuli jye BBC ntiyatatiye umwuga wayo. Itangazamakuru ryiza ni
irishyira mu gaciro. BBC yanze gutangaza ayo makuru kubera kwemera ko
kuyavuga byari guteza umutekano muke uwo musore w’igikomangoma. Ni
impamvu zumvikana. Kubitangaza byari guha icyuho abari guhiga Harry
kubera icyo aricyo, kugirango babone icyo bigamba. Niyo mpamvu mu gihe
bimenyekaniye ko Harry ari muri Afghanistan, bamukuyeyo igitaraganya.
BBC-Gahuzamiryango imaze igihe kinini ihitisha impuha zuzuye
urwango rwibasira ubwoko bw’abatutsi muri aka karere. Ibiganiro
nk’ibyo abantu babiba ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside barabikunda cyane
kuko biri muri gahunda yabo.
Urugero ntanga ni aho urwango ruhamagarira abantu gukora jenoside
rwigishwa kuli BBC umunyamakuru nka MUGENZI abizi anabyumva. Ikiganiro
“IMVO N’IMVANO” cyo kuwa 15 Gicurasi 2005 cyahariwe ingengabitekerezo
ya jenoside yagombaga gusakazwa n’abanyarwanda bari mu nkambi
z’igihugu cy’u Burundi bitwa ko ari impunzi.
Gaspar Karegwa yavuganye n’abo banyarwanda bari mu nkambi Ally
Yusufu MUGENZI avugana n’uwari umuyobozi w’Akarere ka mugombwa ngo mu
rwego rwo gutanga inkuru itaboganye.
IMVO N’IMVANO ni ikiganiro kinyuzwa mu nsakazamajwi cyarabanje
kuyungururwa n’abagitegura nka MUGENZI. Bimwe mubyavugiwe muri icyo
kiganiro mbibagejejeho ku buryo burambuye ngo mubashe kubona urugero
rw’aho urwango ruhabwa urubuga. Ahanditse ikibazo ni icy’umunyamakuru
wa BBC, Gaspar Karegwa igisubizo kikaba icy’abiyitaga impunzi:
Igisubizo: “Twahunze ibintu byinshi bituremereye, cyane cyane
birimo gusubizwa inyuma nk’abatari abanyarwanda, cyane cyane dusubizwa
inyuma ndetse bakagerageza no gushaka (…) kugirango nyuma y’aho
dukoreye ikusanyamakuru ry’ibyakozwe mu gihe cya jenoside. Twagiye
kwikanga dusanga bafite imigambi mibi bacuze ndetse itangiye no
gushyirwa mu bikorwa. Duhitamo guhunga.
Ikibazo: Iyo migambi n’iyihe ?
Igisubizo: “Hariho imigambi twakomeje kugenda tubwirwa
n’abavandimwe bacu nk’abacitse kw’icumu cyane cyane. Nibo bakomeje
kugenda batubwira ko mu nama bihariye bakora zidahuje n’izacu. Tugira
izo duhuriyeho, bakagira n’izo bihariye. Aliko noneho abo bavandimwe
bacu batubwiye ko igihe gisigaye cyacu ari gito cyane. Hakabaho bamwe
mu bantu bagendaga babwirwa bati: “nkuko ubona wandokoye muri cya gihe
cya jenoside, ubu natwe imigambi imaze gucurwa ni iyo kuzabica
tukabarimbura. Sinshaka kubona amaraso yawe, …. Ubwo rero abashoboye
guhunga twashoboye kuva mu nzira tutaragomba kwicwa.”
“…Aliko ngaruke gato dushimire Abatutsi bacu bo mu Rwanda.
N’abavandimwe, n’abagiraneza. Batuburiye ari benshi bati ” bavandimwe,
ubwa mbere mwatugiriye inama, muraducikisha none namwe n’ubwo mwabaye
babi, ntimwabaye babi mwese, byatewe na Leta yari iriho, none namwe
nimwiyibe mwigendere aho kugirango tuzabone imirambo yanyu. Hari ubwo
twazahura wenda nyuma tukongera tukabonana. Abatutsi baratubwira
turahunga. “
“Badutegeka yuko ngo buri muhutu wese azajya ahingira umututsikazi
wacitse kw’icumu guhera kuwa mbere kugeza ku munsi wa gatandatu. Nta
mpembo, nta funguro.
Ikibazo: Ayo mategeko arahari mu butegetsi ?
Igisubizo: Yego. N’ubu baratanguye barakora.
Igisubizo: Bavuga ko duhunga twishe. Ukwanga ntabura ibyo
akwagiriza. Uwitwa umuhutu wese mu Rwanda, bavuga ko yicanye. Umuntu
intambara yabaye afite imyaka ibiri mu Rwanda, uwo muntu agomba
kuzahonya (sic!) kubera ko ari umuhutu ko ari izina muhutu.
Igisubizo: Nahungishijwe no kuvuga ubufuni, yuko bazabuduhonda.
Ikibazo: Bikavugwa na nde?
Igisubizo: Bikavugwa n’abo bategetsi bari mu Rwanda.
Ikibazo: None ubwo bufuni warabubonye mutamakazi ko umuntu iyo
akuze avugisha ukuri?
Igisubizo: Usanga bwuzuye amamodoka bukajya kuri Komini. Ubwo
bufuni ngo bazabuhondesha Abahutu nijoro. Ngo babahora ngo yuko babuze
ababo. Kandi bose barabuze. Ngo aho umuhutu ari hose, ngo haba umwana
uvutse, yaraye anavutse, ngo yuko nawe agomba gupfa, yuko nabo bari
abantu.
Ikibazo: Ariko ibyo babivugira ahagaragara, cyangwa n’ibihuha
bibashyikira?
Igisubizo: Si ibihuha. Nibo babyivugiye rwose. Ubu se iyo ubona
ngana ntya, ukabona mpaguruka, ubu birankwiriye.
Ikibazo: Wahunze iki wewe ?
Igisubizo: Jyewe nabonye abantu bariko bahunga, na jyewe mpita
mpunga nyine.
Ikibazo: Ariko, warabonye abantu bahunga, ntibagira icyo bahunga,
ubajya inyuma urahunga cyangwa nawe wari ufite icyo uhunga nawe?
Igisubizo: Amategeko y’u Rwanda araremereye. Benshi bahunze
amategeko y’u Rwanda nyine. Hari ibintu by’ibihuha bagiye bavuga,
by’ubufuni, by’imiringa. Ibyo byose nabonye ari ibihuha.
Ikibazo: Igihuha cyaje kivuga gute?
Igisubizo: Ubufuni igihuha cyabwo, navuga ko babugura ari ubwo
guhonda Abahutu.
Ikibazo: Bande babugura?
Igisubizo: Abatutsi.
Ikibazo:: Mu giturage iyo mutuye, murabona Abatutsi bafise udufuni?
Igisubizo: Ibyo byo kenshi biriho. Abantu nyine barabubona, kandi
najye narabubonye. Yii, n’ibinogo nyine bagiye bacukura, gutyo wenda
mugabo ntabwo nabesha ngo ibinogo biriho…
Ikibazo: Ibinogo bacukura?
Igisubizo: Ntabyo nabonye mugabo. Ibyo ngibyo bibaho. No guhingira
Abatutsi urumva nta muhutu yo…ya… yazahingira Abatutsi. Ubundi
arabwira akamuheka no mu mugongo. Biragoye.
Ikibazo: Hariho abantu bababarira ngo muheke nk’umututsi?
Igisubizo: Nk’umututsi ntashobora kugufata ngo niba wanze kujya
guhinga, kumuhingira iwiwe. Hanyuma ubundi agahita avuga ati mpeka
unjyane gushyika muhira.
Ikibazo: Ibyo byabaye mu masegiteri yahe, akagari ka hehe?
Igisubizo: I Kibayi. I Kibayi rwose ibyo byarabaye nko kuri Pasika
twiriwe, twazindukiye mu nama, tugiye mu nama kuva mu gitondo. Kubera
bariya batutsi nyine bariko baguma bavuga bati “ubundi dushaka
muduheke gushyika i muhira”. Abahutu rero bagahita babafata bagaca
babaheka bakabashyikana i muhira. Urumva rero kenshi….
Ikibazo: Nk’ubwo muba mubahetse mubakuye he?
Igisubizo: i Kibayi nyine kubashyikana iyo dutuye mu cyaro.
Ikibazo: Ibirometero bingahe?
Igisubizo: Bitanu (5km).
Ikibazo: Uhetse umuntu?
Igisubizo: Yee.
Ikibazo: Atarwaye.
Igisubizo: Ibyo rwose birashikanye. None yaguhaye itegeko wumva
wabireka?
Ikibazo: Abo ni Abatutsi mwahora mubana kuva kera, cyangwa ni
abantu bimutse, bimukiye hano iwanyu vuba?
Igisubizo: Ikindi twanga mu Rwanda. Turahinga ntiduhembwa. Ibaze
kugira ngo… Reba nk’imbaga iteraniye hano, kujya guhingira umuntu,
abagabo turangije guhinga saa munani, tugiye gusatura inkwi. Umugore
wanjye arajya mu mugende natabiye, agaca imigozi akajya guhinga
(gutera) intabire nanitse mpingira umututsi.
Twari twavuze tuti: “ubufuni nibabuzana, natwe tuzakwikira ayacu,
dusekurane”. Ikintu cyaduteye ubwoba n’imiringa babambitse
y’ikiranga-ntego.
Ikibazo: Imiringa ni igiki?
Igisubizo: Ni uturinga babambitse hano ngo umunsi rwakomeye
bazajye berekana utwo turinga hano ku ntuza… ku maboko.
Ikibazo: Ubona hari haheze imyaka icumi, ubwo bwicanyi bwari
bwarabaye, abadakurikiranira ivyo muriko muragira, bagira ngo n’ibintu
vyarangiye, kumbe muriko muranywana, muriko murumvikana. Byadutse gute
muri kino gihe. Kubera iki byadutse muri kino gihe?
Igisubizo: Kwaduka rero, igituma byadutse, bitewe n’umulyango
witwa IBUKA. Umulyango witwa IBUKA uhora wishyuza Kagame ngo
:”watubwiye ko uzaduhorera, tugakubura n’imyeyo”.
Ikibazo: Mutama urakuze ufite imyaka myinshi. Ibyo n’igihuha canke
hari aho bivugirwa uzi ufite gihamya?
Igisubizo: Biravugwa ku ma Radiyo, kandi uzi ko kuri Radiyo nta
kintu kivugwa kitabaye. Uzi ko igihe intambara y’u Rwanda igihe
ibereye. Koko abantu barapfuye b’Abatutsi ndetse n’Abahutu barapfa.
Ibinogo bagiye babazikamo, barabituzikuje tubakuramo, amagufa bajya
kuyashyingura ngo mu cyubahiro.
Ikibazo: Aha i Butare, hatanguye iki? Hari ubutegetsi bubi, hari
kutajya inama? Byagenze bite kugira ngo ako kajagari gahere ngaho?
Igisubizo: Urakoze cyane. BUTARE urabona ni Perefegitura yegereye
u Burundi. Icyakoma cyose rero nta handi bagoma guhungira. Ntibava
hano ngo bagere muri Tanzaniya kuko ni kure cyane. Ndetse n’umupaka wa
Rusumo urafunze cyane kandi uranarinzwe. Ikindi cyongeye, mu yandi ma
perefegitura nayo ibyo bintu bikaba bihari. Tuvuge nka Perefegitura ya
GISENYI, muri iryo kusanyamakuru ryigeze kubaho mu gihe cyo kugira ngo
batangire gushaka ibyakozwe muri jenoside. Hariho akagari kemeye ku
mugaragaro ko nyirabayazana, yatumye jenoside iba mu Rwanda, ko ari
igihe indege ya HABYARIMANA yari imaze kumanurirwa i Kanombe ku kibuga
cy’indege. Gisenyi yamaze gusobanura ibyo, nabo, ubu nta bari muri ako
kagari, kahise gahungira muri Zaïre.
Mu bisubizo byatanzwe n’abo biyitaga impunzi, ni umwe gusa BBC
yahitishije ijwi rye avuga ko ibyo bagenzi be bavuze atari byo. Iyo
radiyo ariko ntiyaretse kubyita “ibirego bikomeye”. Byashyuhije
MUGENZI Ally Yusufu, bimuha ingufu zo guhata ibibazo uwari umuyobozi
w’akarere ka Mugombwa, Charles TWAGIRUMUKIZA.
Uburyo uwo muyobozi wa Gahuzamiryango yabazaga, bikwereka ko yari
yuzuwemo no kwemera ibyari byavugiwe mu nkambi, ariko afite n’ibindi
asanganywe kandi yemera.
Nimusome ibi bibazo bya MUGENZI:
“… kimwe bavuga gituma bahunga ngo n’uko hasigaye haradutse umuco
wo kubakoresha nk’uburetwa, bakavuga ngo barabyuka bakajya gukorera
Abatutsi cyangwa abacitse kw’icumu. Ibyo bintu muri Komini yawe ko
babivugaho birahari ?
” Abo baturage uvuga, reka nkoreshe ijambo bakoresha ubwabo,
barakoresha ” Abahutu n’Abatutsi.” Bombi babyumvikanyeho? “
“… abo baturage bashobora kuba bari bafite ubwoba bati : ubwo
babikoze ubungubu, bigiye kongera kuko icyunamo cyari kirangiye vuba?”
“… Ikindi kintu bavuga hano, bamwe baravuga ko basabwe guheka
Abatutsi ku bitugu bakabakura hano bakabajyana hariya. Bakabakura aha
bakabajyana hariya. Umunyamakuru arababaza ati se bari barwaye. Bati
oya. Badutegetse kubaheka.”
“Ikibazo cy’imiringa bavuga ngo hari imiringa bacuze itangwa mu
makomini muyobora … Iyo miringa ngo niyo yahawe Abatutsi
ikagaragaza…kubera ko ubungubu indangamuntu nta moko arimo, ariko iyo
miringa ikagaragaza umututsi, igatandukanya umututsi n’umuhutu?”
“Ariko, irahari imiringa barayambara nkuko ubivuga?”
” Mbwira kuri iki kibazo cy’udufuni bavuga. Ngo mushobora kuba
mwaratumije mugashyira mu makomini ategereje ko uwo munsi uzagera,
bakirara mu bahutu, bakabica. Ngo nacyo ni kimwe cyatumye bava mu
Rwanda bakajya mu Burundi?”
“Ariko na none hari ikintu gihari cy’abacitse kw’icumu, nkuko
babyivugira abangaba bari i Burundi, ariko n’iyo uri mu Rwanda, wumva
babivuga, bati “abacitse kw’icumu barakoresha amagambo yo kudutera
ubwoba, yo kudukanga. Ibyo bintu by’iterabwoba birahari.”
Nkuko ishyaka CDR ryari ryararemewe guhanganisha abahutu
n’abatutsi, no mu mvugo ya MUGENZI usanga ari byo atsindangira. Ko
n’abo bavugishije bavuga abahutu n’abatutsi kimwe n’aho asubira
muby’imiringa itandukanya abo bantu.
Ikiganiro cyo kuwa 15 Gicurasi 2005, cyakiriwe neza cyane n’abari
bazi icyo kigamije. Cyane cyane abasanzwe bifuza ko ingengabitekerezo
isakara mu baturage. Urugero rw’uwo cyashimishije ni uwitwa MATATA
Joseph uba mu Bubiligi aho akwirakwiriza iyo ngengabitekerezo
akoresheje CLIIR[2]. Uwo MATATA akaba umwe mu bantu bahabwa ijambo na
BBC- Gahuzamiryango.
Mu kiganiro nagiranye na MATATA mu Muruhame ku itariki ya 2
Werurwe 2008, yagaragaje ko yemera kandi yiyemeje gupfobya jenoside ku
mugaragaro, y’iha n’inshingano yo kurengera abajenosideri.
Ikiganiro cy’iyo “IMVO N’IMVANO yuzuye urwango, MATATA yihutiye
kucyandukura agishyira kuri website http://www.rdrwanda. org. Iyo website
ikaba ari iy’ishyirahamwe RDR, ryashinzwe n’abakoze jenoside
y’abatutsi mu Rwanda, n’abashaka gukomeza ibitekerezo byabo. MATATA
ajya gushyira icyo kiganiro kuli iyo website, ni uko icyo kiganiro
cyari gikubiyemo ibitekerezo byinshi byubakiyeho ingengabitekerezo ya
jenoside, kandi akaba akunda akanashishikazwa no kubyamamaza.
Mu ijambo ry’ibanze yakoreye icyo kiganiro, MATATA yemeje ko “
ibyavuzwe byose n’abo BBC yabarije mu nkambi i Burundi bifite
ishingiro. Abishimangira avuga ko abo biyitaga impunzi bahunze
“ubugome bw’intagondwa z’abacikacumu b’Abatutsi byose bigamije
gutsembatsemba no guhohotera Abahutu barokotse itsembabwoko” .
MATATA yunze mubyavuzwe na MUGENZI washoje avuga ngo iyo ari i
Kigali yumvise abavuga ngo “Ibyo bintu by’iterabwoba birahari.” We
akanavuga ko koko bahunze “gusubizwa inyuma, ugasuzugurwa, ntuhabwe
ijambo cyangwa agaciro nk’umunyarwanda” yemeza ko Inkiko GACACA,
zihishe ubugizi bwa nabi bwinshi, zatangijwe n’iterabwoba, ikinyoma
…zikwirakwiza urwikekwe mu gihugu, …zigenzurwa cyangwa zikorerwamo
rwihishwa na ba maneko b’abasilikare cyangwa abandi bashinzwe kuyobya
uburari no gukoresha GACACA mu bikorwa binyuranye byabo byo kwihorera
ku nzirakarengane n’ubundi bugizi bwa nabi bwaranze ubutegetsi
bw’igitugu cya FPR.”
MATATA ashyigikira ibyatangajwe muri icyo kiganiro ahamya ko
abahunze banze “guhindurwa abacakara bakoreshwa mu mayeri imilimo
y’uburetwa n’ibindi bikorwa bigamije kubasuzuguza no kubandarika mu
karere batuyemo.” Anavuga ko mu Rwanda hari “Ivanguramoko (APARTHEID)
lishyigikiwe n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu, aho umututsi ategura kwica
cyangwa guhohotera umuhutu nta nkurikizi n’imwe cyangwa impungenge.”
Mu gushimagiza urwango rwamamajwe na BBC, MATATA, kimwe
n’amashyirahamwe y’abajenosideri nka RDR na FDLR, ntiyibagiwe imvugo
yikoma umuryango w’abacitse ku icumu IBUKA, avuga ko ari “umulyango
ugiye kumara abantu mu gihugu”. Icyo gitekerezo cyo kurwanya kwibuka
n’abacitse ku icumu kigaruka kenshi mu bantu bafite ingengabitekerezo
yibasira ubwoko bwatsembwe.
Mu kwerekana ko ikiganiro cya BBC cyamunejereje yarangije
ahamagarira abo yandikira kujya babika “ubuhamya bukomeye”
nk’ubwatangajwe na BBC kuwa 15 Gicurasi 2005 kuko ngo ariho bazagenda
bamenya “ubugizi bwa nabi bwinshi butegurwa n’intagondwa z’Abatutsi
bashyigikiwe na Leta y’igitugu cya Gisilikare ya Perezida Paul KAGAME.”
Uko gusaba abamwemera kujya babika amakuru yamamaza
ingengabitekerezo yabo, ni uko ayo matangazo ya BBC ari muli gahunda
ndende.
Raporo ya Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge y’umwaka w’2000
yagaragaje ko hari abantu bamamaza icyo gitekerezo cyo kwibagirwa
bakanarwanya imiryango y’abacitse ku icumu, ndetse n’ikigega gifasha
abacitse ku icumu batishoboye (FARG)
Mu makuru y’igiswayire ya Radiyo BBC, yo mu gitondo cya kare cyo
ku wa 14 Mutarama 2004, umunyamakuru Siraji KARYANGO ukorera muri
Uganda, yavuganye n’imwe mu mpunzi z’abanyarwanda ziri ahitwa Nakivale
ku mpamvu badataha. Mubisubizo uwitwa (cyangwa uwiyise) Alberto
NTIRUSHWA yavuze ko mu bibazo by’u Rwanda (bituma badataha) harimo
umuryango witwa IBUKA, anatanga icyifuzo ko abantu bakwiye kwibagirwa
ibyabaye aho guhora babyibuka, babyibutsa.
Ibyatangajwe na NTIRUSHWA ntibyari bishya, kuko unabisanga mu
matangazo menshi agenewe abanyamakuru ya MATATA wa CLIIR kimwe
n’ibyigishwa na RDR na FDLR. Umuryango IBUKA w’abacitse ku icumu
ndetse n’abandi batangabuhamya mu manza za jenoside MATATA yabahimbye
ko ari urugaga rw’abayabinyoma.
Ibyo bitekerezo unabisanga mu nyandiko ya Barayagwiza Jean-Bosco
“International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR): Impossible
Justice” (para.86) yo ku itariki ya 10 Gicurasi 2000. Barayagwiza,
kimwe na Ngeze Hassan, ni mubatangije ishyaka CDR, banashyirwa mu
mwanya wihariye wo kuba abajyanama ba Komite Nyobozi y’iryo shyaka
ry’inkoramaraso.
Mu kindi kiganiro cy’IMVO N’IMVANO cyo ku wa 2 Kamena 2007 hari
ibyavuzwe nk’ubutumwa mu rwego rw’ibyo icyo kiganiro cyita “ubutumwa
bakiriye”. Bwasomwe n’umunyamakuru wabo Bartazar Nduwayezu. Ubwo
butumwa, kimwe n’ubundi butajya buvuga ba nyirabwo, bwari bukubiyemo
ibitekerezo bipfobya jenoside binateguza iyindi.
Ubwo butumwa mvuga, bwatangiye bwerekana ko ibyo mu Rwanda ari
agahomamunwa. Uwabwanditse atangira asasira ubutumwa nyirizina avuga
ko mbere ya jenoside, mu gace yari atuyemo “ingo zose z’Abatutsi zari
zizwi kandi hagamijwe kubagirira nabi” akaba aribyo byabaye. Ngo ibyo
ariko ntibyabujije ababyeyi be kugira inshuti zikomeye z’Abatutsi kuva
muri za 59 aho bahishaga izo nshuti zabo mu mitiba.
Ibyo mu ijwi rya Nduwayezu kuri BBC-Gahuzamiryango, nyiri ubwo
butumwa agakomeza agira ati: “Ubu muri iki gihe, aho ntuye mu
midugudu, ingo zose z’Abahutu cyane abafite akazi n’agafaranga
zirazwi. Usanga Abahutu bibombaritse bikomeye naho umututsi niyo yaba
akennye agenda yemye. Mu Rwanda ikivugwa n’ingengabitekerezo ya
jenoside isa n’aho igerekwa ku bahutu benshi, kandi irarushaho gutanya
Abahutu n’Abatutsi kuko igaragariza buri wese ko Abahutu ari babi.
Cyakora na none simpakana ko iyo ngengabitekerezo yasaritse Abahutu
bamwe baheza inguni. Nyamara perezida wacu avugira ku karubanda ko
yahunze ari umwana muto; sindumva na rimwe akomoza ku ngengabitekerezo
y’ivangura ubu igaragara cyane mu Batutsi ikaba yibasiye Abahutu.
Sindumva na rimwe akomoza ku mibereho y’imfubyi zitari iza jenoside
ntizinabe n’iza SIDA. Ubwo se, bariya bana bari munsi y’imisozi
bazazira ko ababyeyi babo bari Abahutu? Ubwo se abo bana batagerwaho
na FARG, bo si abanyarwanda bayoborwa na Kagame? Iyo
avuga ngo aya ni amateka yacu, aba ashaka kuvuga ba nde? Burya
kandi umwera uturutse ibukuru, bucya wakwiriye hose! …Ngarutse rero ku
ngingo yo guhisha Abatutsi, ibyo ntabwo byari bikwiye gufatwa
nk’igitangaza ahubwo bitabaye ubunyarwanda n’umuco w’umwimerere byaba
birangiye. Igikomeye ubu ni uko hari Abatutsi barwana ku bahutu
bageraniwe. Akebo kajya iwa mugarura. Umuhutu ugeraniwe muri gacaca
usanga ashaka umututsi wamuvugira, wamuburira, wazamuhisha ibihe
bikomeye. Murumva se kamere muntu itatuburabuza twese? …Jye mbona
iyaba byashobokaga ngo Abahutu benshi batekereza nkanjye kandi
batarangwaho ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside cyangwa iy’ivangura, hamwe
n’Abatutsi bose batarangwaho ingengabitekerezo y’ivangura ko bamenyana
bakagira uruvugiro bagashyira hamwe ingufu zabo, bagafatanya kurwanya
ikibi no guharanira icyiza. Urwo ruvugiro ubu ntaruhari kandi
ntirunashoboka cyane ko Abatutsi bakwiyemeza kwitandukanya n’iyo
ngengabitekerezo y’ivangura baba ari abihanduzacumu… “
Ibyavuzwe muli ibi biganiro bibili nabivuze mu magambo arambuye
kugirango yumvikane uko ali. BBC nka radiyo igira abanyamakuru
n’abayobozi bashyira mu gaciro, bari bakwiye kubona ko ibiganiro
nk’ibyo, nta kindi biba bigamije uretse gushyira mu kaga karimo
n’urupfu igice kimwe cy’abanyarwanda.
Ni amakuru ashoza intambara kuko hari umwe mubari mu nkambi i
Burundi uvuga ko biteguye gushaka amafuni yo kuzahangana n’ubufuni
mpimbano. Iyo propaganda yo kuvuga ko mu Rwanda habaye indi jenoside
irenze iyakorewe abatutsi, ko abahutu bavangurwa kandi batotezwa ku
buryo budasanzwe, ikandamiza rirenze urugero nko guheka umuntu mu
mugongo, bakora ntibahembwe ni ukubiba urwango byeruye. Ibyo byose,
nko kuvuga ko hari jenoside y’abahutu izakorerwa abahutu, ko Gacaca
ari umugambi w’ubugome atari ubucamanza n’ibindi bihakana cyangwa
bipfobya jenoside, byoshya abahutu kongera gukora jenoside. Mu IMVO
N’IMVANO kandi birahasanzwe.
Umunyamakuru MUGENZI A Yusuf yari mu Rwanda mbere ya jenoside. Azi
neza ko ubwo buryo bwo gutwerera abatutsi ibibi bazakorerwa,
bwakoreshejwe cyane n’abanyapolitiki mu gutegura uwo mugambi mubisha.
Abaye atabizi bwaba ari ubujiji bukabije, cyangwa ubushake buke bwo
kwemera ko ariko byagenze, kandi bigikomeza. Abayobozi ba BBC bakeneye
kubisobanukirwa, kandi ntibazabisobanurirw a n’abatabona ikibazo mu
gukwiza ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside.
Kubiba urwango, guhakana jenoside n’uburyo bikorwa
Nkuko maze kubibagaragariza, ibitekerezo byuje urwango rukabije,
si iby’ibura muri BBC-Gahuzamiryango. Mu bibazo nabajije MUGENZI, ni
uko yaba yemera ko guhakana no gupfobya jenoside ari icyaha gikwiye
guhanwa n’amategeko ndetse kikamaganwa n’umuntu wese ushyira mu
gaciro. Nanamubajije niba azi uburyo (cyane cyane imvugo) bukoreshwa
n’ababiba ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, abahakana n’abapfobya
jenoside. Nanamubaza niba muri ubwo buryo azi yambwira nibura uburyo
nka butandatu bukoreshwa cyane.
Njya kubimubaza, byaturutse kuri we. Mu kiganiro IMVO N’IMVANO cyo
ku itariki 12 Gicurasi 2007 hari umuntu wabwiye MUGENZI, amugaya, ko
BBC-Gahuzamiryango bakunze guha ijambo abicanyi n’abapfobya jenoside.
Byarantangaje cyane MUGENZI avuze ko radiyo akorera bubahiriza
amategeko yo kudaha abantu nk’abo ijambo. Yavuze ngo: “BBC nta muntu
uhakana cyangwa upfobya jenoside dushobora guha urubuga”. Kumugaragaro
icyo MUGENZI yavuze ni uko guha ijambo abantu b’iyo ngengabitekerezo
bizwi ko ari bibi.
Ni byiza cyane kuba MUGENZI ariwe watangaje kumugaragaro ko radiyo
BBC idashobora guha urubuga abahakana n’abapfobya jenoside. Ariko hari
icyo byatumye nibaza:
Uwo muyobozi wa BBC-Gahuzamiryango asobanukiwe guhakana no
gupfobya jenoside ibyo ari byo?
Niba abizi, we bwite yemera ko guhakana no gupfobya jenoside ari
ibintu bigayitse bidakwiye kuvugirwa kuri radiyo abantu benshi bumva?
Abaye yemera, akanavuga ko ari amategeko cyangwa politiki ya BBC
idashobora guha ijambo abo bantu babi, umutegeka guha rugari abahakana
bagapfobya jenoside kuli BBC ni nde?
Ko ari we muyobozi w’igice kivuga ikinyarwanda n’ikirundi muri
BBC, urusha imbaraga umukoresha we ni nde ku buryo amategeko y’iyo
radiyo yirengagizwa nkana?
Nanibajije niba ku muntu nka MUGENZI kwamamaza ingengabitekerezo
ya jenoside biba ari ubugoryi cyangwa ari ubugome bukomoka ku
ngengabitekerezo afite.
Kwibaza ibyo bibazo, byatewe n’ibyari muri icyo kiganiro. Uretse
no guha ijambo abahakana n’abapfobya jenoside, n’abayikoze bazwi,
kimwe n’imiryango ishingiye ku ngengabitekerezo ya jenoside BBC
iraribaha. Urugero ni ikiganiro bigeze guha abajenosideri bafungiye
muli Mali, n’ibiganiro byinshi Gahuzamiryango n’IMVO N’IMVANO baha RDR
na FDLR. Ndabisobanura mu buryo burambuye mu gice gikurikira.
Muri icyo kiganiro cyo MUGENZI yahamyaga (ariko abeshya) ko
adashobora guha ijambo abahakana bakanapfobya jenoside, hari
uwakivugiyemo witwa Habimana ngo uba i Bulayi, wavuze ko ngo hari
Abatutsi yakijije. Habimana anavuga ko ngo 99% by’Abatutsi bacitse ku
icumu bakijijwe n’Abahutu.
Uwo Habimana urata ineza yaba yarakoreye abatutsi, abishingira ko
ngo bari “abantu b’abayisilamu” nkaho abayisilamu batigeze bakora
jenoside, niwe wavuze ngo “FPR n’Interahamwe ni Bukuru na Butoya”.
Ibyo kugereranya ibidakwiye kugereranywa ni uburyo bukoreshwa kenshi
mu guhakana jenoside. Iyo mibare yo gukabya kucyatumye abantu bacika
ku icumu, ni gahunda isanzwe yo guhisha ko jenoside yahagaritswe
n’abakomye mu nkokora abicanyi.
Iryo gereranya ribisha riri muri iyo IMVO N’IMVANO navuze yo ku wa
2 Kamena 2007 hari ibindi by’uburozi byavuzwe mu “ubutumwa bakiriye”,
biseguwe n’imvugo y’amareshyamugeni. Ubwo butumwa butavuga ba
nyirabwo, nabwo bwanyujijwe mu ijwi rya Nduwayezu ati: “…Perezida wacu
turamukunda, azaturwanyirize abantu babiri boretse u Rwanda natwe
tuzamufasha tunongere tumutore ku bwinshi. Abo bantu ni uwateguye
akanakora jenoside n’uwazanye Gacaca yo gutanya abanyarwanda –
kwihorera …”
Ntabwo wavuga ngo ukunda umuntu w’umuyobozi, ukanamusezeranya ko
uzamutora, warangiza ukamushyira mu rwego rumwe n’abakoze jenoside.
Uwabyanditse, uwabisomye n’uwateguye ikiganiro ni abantu bazi neza ko
Perezida Kagame ari mubashyizeho Inkiko Gacaca. Inkiko zashyiriweho
kworohereza abakoze jenoside.
Nta bugome bukabije butari ugushyira mu gatebo kamwe abakoze
jenoside n’ababarwanyije bakabatesha gukomeza kuyikora. Ni ukudashyira
mu gaciro, no guha agaciro n’ikuzo abakoze icyo cyaha. Niba Radiyo BBC
koko idashobora guha urubuga abahakana n’abapfobya jenoside, ubu
butumwa ntibwagombaga guhita.
Muri icyo kiganiro cyagereranyije FPR n’Interahamwe, hari ubundi
butumwa bwasomwe na Nduwayezu bukubiyemo ibitekerezo bipfobya jenoside
binateguza iyindi nkaba nabibasubiriyemo mu gice cyabanjirije iki.
Igice Imvo n”imvano yatangazaga ko abahutu cyane cyane abize n’abakize
bageraniwe.
Icya mbere ubu butumwa bwavugaga ni uko jenoside yateguwe igakorwa
na za leta zaharaniraga ubuhutu atari icyaha gitangaje kuko biri muri
“kamere muntu”. Abavuga ko amahano bakoze ari uburyo busanzwe bwo
gukora politiki, ni intwaro ikoreshwa kenshi n’abajenosideri. Icyo ni
nacyo gituma bahora bavuga ko mu Rwanda habaye jenoside irenze imwe mu
rwego rwo kwihanaguraho icyaha, bakayobya uburari ko abanyabyaha atari
bo bonyine.
Icya kabiri kiri muri ubwo butumwa ni uko hategurwa indi jenoside
itegurwa n’abatutsi. Ubivuga agahera kure yerekana ko abatutsi
batotejwe kera, ariko ibyabaye akaba ari nabyo bikorerwa abahutu.
Gutotezwa, no guhozwaho ijisho. Ko ngo aho ingo zose z’Abahutu zizwi,
ngo “cyane abafite akazi n’agafaranga” . Ubu ni uburyo butihishira bwo
kugoreka amateka. Imvugo yo “kugirirwa nabi” kw’abatutsi ikoreshwa mu
rwego rwo kwirinda kuvuga ko batsembwe.
Uko kumenywa kw’aho abahutu batuye ntabwo birangirira aho, kuko
icyo bigamije ari ukubagirira nk’uko byagendekeye abatutsi, nko guhora
bibombaritse, no gushakisha abatutsi bazabahisha “ibihe bikomeye”.
Ibyo bihe avuga ni uguca amarenga ko hari jenoside itegurwa, bityo
nkuko hari abahutu bahishe abatutsi hakazaboneka n’abatutsi bahisha
abahutu. Akaba ari byo bita ka kebo kajya iwa mugarura.
Ikindi kigaragara muri ubwo butumwa bwumvikanisha ko hari jenoside
y’abahutu itegurwa, ni uko ngo ubutegetsi buriho bubishyigikiye.
Bakabivuga kubera ko bazi neza ko jenoside ari icyaha gitegurwa na
leta. Niwo mwera uturutse ibukuru bacagamo amarenga,
n’ingengabitekerezo y’ivangura ry’abatutsi “yibasiye abahutu”
yirengagizwa na Perezida Kagame.
Kuvuga ngo “Abatutsi bakwiyemeza kwitandukanya n’iyo
ngengabitekerezo y’ivangura baba ari abihanduzacumu… ” ni ugushimangira
ko abatutsi benshi, biganjemo abafite imbaraga barangwa n’iyo
ngengabitekerezo ku buryo n’uwashaka kwitandukanya nayo ashobora
kubizira.
Hanavuzwemo ko ntawukwiye kuvuga ko mu Rwanda hari
ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, kuko ngo ari uburyo mpimbano bugamije
gusebya abahutu no kurushaho gutanya abanyarwanda. Uwanditse ubwo
butumwa akabinyereraho avuga ko iyo ngengabitekerezo “yasaritse
abahutu bamwe” b’abahezanguni ntiyavuze abo yibasiye. Byagera ku
ngengabitekerezo y’ivangura akavuga ko igaragara mu batutsi (bose)
kandi “ikaba yibasiye abahutu”. Ubwo buryo nabwo bwo kwibasira ubwoko
mu kubatwerera ikibi, bukaba buri mubiranga abafite ingengabitekerezo
ya jenoside.
Mubavugwa ko barangwa n’ivangura, ku isonga hashyirwa perezida w’u
Rwanda. IMVO N’IMVANO ikamushinja kwita ku mfubyi za jenoside na SIDA
gusa, abandi bana bakazira ko “ababyeyi babo bari abahutu”. Iyo umuntu
umuziza ubwoko uba ukora icyaha cy’ubugome. Kubishinja umuntu
umubeshyera kandi ubigambiriye si itangazamakuru.
Urupfu rwa Habyarimana ni imwe mu mpamvu abajenosideri batanga
kucyatumye bakora jenoside. No muri BBC ntiyahatanzwe. Muri cya
kiganiro MATATA yasabye ko kizabikwa mwabibonyemo. Kimwe n’abahakanyi
ba jenoside bose, icyo uwabivuze yakoze ni ukujijisha akabitwerera
abandi ngo abihe agaciro. Ati: “Hariho akagari (ntikavugwe izina,
n’umunyamakuru ntakamubaze) kemeye ku mugaragaro ko nyirabayazana,
yatumye jenoside iba mu Rwanda, ko ari igihe indege ya HABYARIMANA
yari imaze kumanurirwa i Kanombe ku kibuga cy’indege. Gisenyi yamaze
gusobanura ibyo, nabo, ubu nta bari muri ako kagari, kahise gahungira
muri Zaïre.”
Guhakana no gupfobya jenoside: Umushinga umaze igihe
Ntimwibaze ko MUGENZI na Gahuzamiryango nabivuyeho. Mu gihe maze
ntekereza kubandikira nagerageje kureba aho gahunda zo kwamamaza
urwango rudatana no guhakana jenoside, nasanze ari ibintu bigendera ku
mahame abantu bamwe basa n’abaziranyeho. Bihera mu gihe cya jenoside
na nyuma yaho. Ari mubinyamakuru ndetse na za tracts. Aha ndatanga
ingero kubinyamakuru muzi, ngo mwumve ko ibyo BBC-Gahuzamiryango ikora
atari ukwibeshya cyangwa impanuka.
Hari inyandiko mbi zigeze gusohoka mu kinyamakuru Umurabyo
zanditswe na Agnes Nkusi-Uwimana, wahuje umugambi n’abandi bahakana
jenoside. Bahuriza cyane mu nyandiko ye yise “Uwishe umututsi mu mazi
abira, uwishe umuhutu mu mudendezo: Gutandukanya interahamwe y’umuhutu
n’interahamwe y’umututsi ntibizorohera umunyarwanda” (Umurabyo N° 10,
8-22 Ukuboza 2006 urup. 2) Iyo nyandiko yari iherekejwe n’ifoto ya
Col. Theoneste Bagosora, ahambiriwe amapingu.
Muri iyo nyandiko, Agnès nawe ashimangira ko ihanurwa ry’indege ya
Habyarimana byabaye “intandaro y’ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwabereye mu
gihugu cy’u Rwanda.” Mu rwego rwo kuyihakana, yirinda gukoresha
ijambo jenoside, ati: “Abahutu biraye mu batutsi barabatemagura ndetse
n’abahutu batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwariho, ni ukuvuga abari
ibyitso by’Inkotanyi barishwe”.
Muri iyo nyandiko, agaragaza ko iyo jenoside adashakakuvuga yakurikiwe n’ubwicanyi ngo bwagiye bukorwa mu ibanga, bugahitana abashaka kwishyira hejuru cyangwa ushaka “kurwanya ubutegetsi.”
Akiri ku rupfu rwa Habyarimana, nk’intandaro ya jenoside,
Nkusi-Agnès agira ati “…bamwe mu banyarwanda b’abanyabwenge bakomeje
gukora iperereza kugira ngo uwahanuye indege ya Habyarimana
amenyekane, dore ko ari nawe wabaye nyirabayazana w’ubwo bwicanyi
ndengakamere, umucamanza Bruguiere w’ubufaransa asohoye raporo iriho
abayobozi icyenda bakoze icyo cyaha, harimo na Perezida w’u Rwanda
Paul KAGAME, igihugu gicika umugongo, induru ziravuga reka sinakubwira…”
Uhereye ku nyito y’inyandiko, abapfobya n’abahakana jenoside
bahora bagaragaza ko ngo hari impande ebyiri zakoze icyo cyaha mu
Rwanda. Ibyo kuvuga ko hari Interahamwe z’abahutu n’iz’abatutsi nicyo
bivuga. Icyo adashaka kuvuga nkana ni uko ijambo “Interahamwe” rifite
ba nyiraryo babayeho bafite n’umugambi uzwi wo gutsemba abatutsi.
Icyo gitekerezo cyo gushaka kugaragaza ko habaye jenoside ebyiri,
kiri no mu nteruro yo kuvuga ngo “Uwishe umututsi …, uwishe umuhutu
…”. Ifoto ya Bagosora iri muri icyo kinyamakuru ku mpapuro ebyiri,
urwa mbere n’urwa kabiri, ihagarariye umuhutu wishe umututsi. Abo
Bruguière ashinja bagahagararira abishe umuhutu.
Ibikubiyemo muri iyo nkuru, ni ingengabitekerezo ifite inkomoko mu
mateka yo kwamamaza jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu w’1994. Abo uwo
munyamakuru yita “Ibyitso by’Inyenzi” yari incamarenga yakoreshwaga
n’ibinyamakuru by’abajenosideri nka Kangura.
Urugero rw’aho umuyobozi w’Umurabyo ahuza na Kangura ni henshi.
Aha mbere ni aho Nkusi-Agnès avuga ko abishwe bari ibyitso
by’Inkotanyi. Mu mwaka w’1992 nibwo ishyaka ry’Impuzamugambi – CDR
ryavutse. Nyuma yo kuvuka kw’iryo shyaka ry’inkoramaraso, ikinyamakuru
Kangura cyashyiriweho kwamamaza jenoside, cyasohoye “Numero Special”
yamamazaga ishyaka CDR. Ishyaka ryashinzwe guhuza no kunoza umugambi
w’interahamwe.
Ku rupapuro rwa mbere rw’icyo kinyamakuru, hari ahanditse ngo
“Inyenzi n’ibyitso byazo birahungira he ko ishyaka ry’abahutu ryavutse
ku mugaragaro?” Ku rupapuro rwa nyuma rw’inomero y’icyo kinyamakuru,
munsi y’ifoto y’uwari Perezida w’iryo shyaka, Martin Bucyana,
hakandikwa ngo “…Ishyaka CDR rigizwe na rubanda nyamwinshi niryo
rizumvisha Inyenzi n’Ibyitso.”
Uretse iyo numero yanditswe mbere ya Mata 1994 Umurabyo unahuza na
za Kangura zandikiwe hanze y’u Rwanda.
Iyo urebye neza ubwicanyi bwabaye mu minsi ishize usanga nta
wabuteguye. Abishe Habyarimana ni bo bateguye umugambi wabo maze
abaturage baratungurwa bumva ko bibarangiranye. Nibwo mu gihugu hose
habaga ubwicanyi bwahitanye inzirakarengane nyinshi. Hapfuye ibyitso
by’Inyenzi koko, ibyo birazwi. (Kangura No. 60, 1 – 15 Nzeri 1994, p. 7).
Mu gushimangira igitekerezo cy’uko abapfuye ari ibyitso, iyo
nomero ya Kangura yagize iti “Habyarimana akimara gupfa hatangiye
ubwicanyi, butunguranye, … ibyitso byarishwe, muri uko kwicwa
hapfuyemo n’izindi nzirakarengane nyinshi, abahutu batavuga rumwe
n’ubutegetsi baricwa, imirambo itondekwa ku muhanda. Isi yose yari
ihagarariwe na MINUAR isanga ibyo bintu bitakwihanganirwa …” (p. 10).
Uko kuvuga ko habaye ubwicanyi butunguranye nayo ni intwaro
n’uburyo bw’abahakana jenoside. Baharanira kwerekana ko icyo cyaha
cyakozwe kitateguwe, kandi nta jenoside ibaho itateguwe.
Ari Nkusi-Agnès na Kangura, barita abatutsi ibyitso kugira ngo
byumvikane ko abantu batazize ubwoko ahubwo baguye mu ntambara. Kuri
Kangura abahutu bishwe mu gihe cya jenoside baritwa inzirakarengane
kumvikanisha ko baguye muri gahunda itabagenewe. Ariko kuri
Nkusi-Agnès, kimwe na Ngeze Hassan, na Rusesabagina na MATATA, abishe
Habyarimana ni bo bakoze jenoside.
Ibyo bikaba aribyo Umurabyo wahereyeho ucira urubanza abaregwaga
na raporo ya Bruguière, ko ari bo bakoze icyo cyaha we atita jenoside.
Muri iyo Kangura baratangaza ko “nta jenoside yabayeho mu Rwanda”
(p.12). Abanditse iyo inkuru bayikeshaga Abafaransa bavugaga ko ngo
habaye “ubwicanyi ku bice byombi”. Igitekerezo gihura
n’icy’Interahamwe z’ibice bibiri kivugwa n’Umurabyo mu w’2006.
Ingengabitekerezo yo guhamya ko abakoze jenoside ari abo Bruguière
yareze nacyo si icya Rusesabagina na Nkusi-Agnès bonyine. Nacyo
bagihuza na Ngeze Hassan wa Kangura uvuga ko abahutu batigeze bakora
jenoside, ahubwo bashotowe maze bakitabara. Ibyo akabishingira ku
byigeze kuvugwa na Perezida Kayibanda Gregoire ko umunsi abatutsi
bageze i Kigali, bizaba iherezo ry’ubwoko TUTSI.
Ubwanditsi bwa Kangura bwashyizeho amahame yo guha agaciro
genoside’. Ubu IMVO N’IMVANO ikaba isa n’aho yahisemo kuyakurikiza.
Irya mbere ni ukuvuga ko “Kuva kera Inyenzi zari zizi yuko zigize
agace k’igihugu zifata, abahutu batabyemera ndetse ko umujinya wa
rubanda wahindukirana bene wazo”.
Irya kabiri bagira bati: “Buri gihe mu Rwanda niba haragiye habaho
ipfa ry’abatutsi babaga ari bene wabo bashotoye abahutu.” (Kangura
No. 69, Gicurasi 1995, p. 7)
Hari n’aho avuga ko “Abatutsi bapfuye mu 1994 bazize itsembatsemba
ryateguwe na FPR” (p. 9). Hakaba n’aho bemeza ko imirambo y’abatutsi
yatembye ikagera mu kiyaga cya Victoria nta shiti ari abantu bishwe
n’abasirikare b’Inkotanyi. (Soma “Who started genocide in Rwanda?”-
Kangura Versions Internationales, No. 71, p. 8) Icyo kintu cy’uko
abatutsi bizira cyangwa bizize gisa n’irangashingiro
ry’ingengabitekerez o ya RDR na FDLR
Iyi ngengabitekerezo yo guhakana jenoside iri no mu mfashanyigisho
yateguwe n’ibiro byari bishinzwe ubutasi mu ngabo za ex-FAR mu
buhungiro, mu nyandiko ndende yakozwe itanga umurongo mushya wagombaga
kugenderwaho n’abanyarwanda bari mu buhungiro nk’iminyago.
Mu gice bise “Intambara y’indunduro” aho kuvuga jenoside bagira
bati: ” Tariki ya 06 Mata 1994 mu ma saa mbiri n’igice ya nimugoroba,
nibwo Inyenzi-INKOTANYI zifashijwe n’abasirikare ba MINUAR bahanuye
indege yari itwaye P[e]rezida wa Repubulika HABYARIMANA Yuvenali… Iyo
ndege yicirwamo na Shefu wa Etat-Major y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda n’abandi
nka P[e]rezida w’u Burundi NTARYAMIRA Sipiriyani, Umuhutu wari umaze
ukwezi asimbuye P[e]rezida NDADAYE Merkiyoro, undi muhutu abatutsi b’I
Burundi bari bivuganye azira ubwoko agitorerwa kuyobora u BURUNDI muri
demokarasi…Urwo rupfu rwa Perezida wa Repubulika n’abo bari kumwe,
rwiyongera ku bundi bwicanyi bwose bwa FPR-INKOTANYI twavuze, byatumye
abahutu bumva ko bagiye gushirira ku icumu baramutse badahagurutse ngo
birwaneho. Ubwo amoko asubiranamo, Inyenzi zishyigikira abatutsi kwica
abahutu.” (Amahame-shingiro y’Ugutsinda kwacu”- Bulengo, Gicurasi 1995
P. 22-23)
Nyuma y’imyaka 10 iyo nyandiko ikozwe, BBC- Gahuzamiryango,
igatangaza ubugome nk’ubwo ikoresheje abiyitaga impunzi i Burundi.
Ibyo bintu byo kuvuga ko ababirigi bagize uruhare mu rupfu rwa
Habyarimana, FPR yica abatavuga rumwe nayo, kimwe na jenoside ikorwa
itagira uwo yibasira cyangwa hakagira ubwicanyi bukorwa
by’amaburakindi, bigaragara henshi mu nyandiko z’abajenosideri.
Hari aho Kangura ivuga ko Habyarimana amaze gupfa ubutegetsi bwari
buriho mu Rwanda bwavuye muri “logique de paix” ngo bukajya muri
“logique de guerre” … abaturage bagize ubwoba na guverinoma yari imaze
kujyaho isanga nta bikoresho bihagije ifite, nibwo habayeho ikintu
kimeze nka panique ku nzego zose … ubwo ubwicanyi buba bukomeje gutyo.
Aho FPR inyuze ikica abatavuga rumwe nayo muri politike; n’imbere mu
gihugu abaturage babyumva batyo. Igihugu kibura amasasu … ariko FPR
ikomeza guhabwa amasasu n’imbunda… Ababirigi nabo baha amasasu FPR …
Ubwo hagati aho ntambara yabaga mu turere twose ni nako muri Kigali
byari bikomeye. (Kangura No. 67, Werurwe 1995 p. 16.)
Abajenosideri BBC yita abanyapolitiki
Mu gihe hategurwaga gahunda yo gushyiraho urukiko mpuzamahanga
mpanabyaha ku Rwanda, abakoze jenoside barimo n’abanditsi ba Kangura
bakaba bari banazi ko batazarusimbuka, bateguye urubanza rwo
kuzagaragaza ko “ubwicanyi bwakozwe n’impande zombi”. Banateguye no
kuzumvikanisha ko nibanakulikiranwa bazaba barenganijwe n’abashaka
kubakandamiza muli politiki. Ibyo byarategurirwaga i Mugunga – Zaire,
n’i Paris mu Bufaransa.
Gushyigikira abicanyi ngo bagaragare nk’inzirakarengane, ubibona
mu matangazo menshi ya RDR. Urugero ni aho bavuga ngo : « …Nta muntu
ugomba kwongera guhutazwa azira ubwoko bwe cyanga ibitekerezo
bye;…Umuntu ntagomba guhatirwa gukunda FPR, ibintu byo kwita
abicanyi abantu bose batavuga rumwe na FPR bigomba gucika; … Abantu
bafungiwe ibitekerezo byabo bya politiki … » (Communiqué de Presse (mu
kinyarwanda) igenewe BBC, 26 Mata 2000.)
Ibyo ni nabyo ikinyamakuru Umurabyo navuze cyasasaga ko FPR yakoze
ubwicanyi bucece bugahitana abashaka kwishyira hejuru cyangwa bashaka
“kurwanya ubutegetsi.” Aha iki kinyamakuru kigahuza na Kangura yo mu
1995, aho ubwanditsi bwacyo bwavugaga ko FPR n’abayishyigikiye basabye
ko hajyaho urukiko mpuzamahanga impamvu ari “kwica abahutu bose
bagaragaje ko bayirwanya, ko batemera politiki yabo” (Kangura No. 66,
Gashyantare 1995, p. 12).
Ku matariki ya 28 Gashyantare n’iya 3 Werurwe 2008, abafungwa ba
jenoside bo muri ICTR-Arusha banditse inyandiko ebyiri zikubiyemo
ibintu byerekana gahunda yo guhakana jenoside n’ingaruka
z’abahagarariye abajenosideri guhabwa urubuga kuli radiyo nka BBC. Izo
nyandiko muzishatse nazabagezaho kopi.
Ayo mabaruwa, imwe ni irwanya amasezerano yakozwe hagati y’u
Rwanda na ICTR y’abo bafungwa kurangiriza ibihano mu gihugu cyabo,
indi ikaba isaba gukurikirana abategetsi b’u Rwanda muri urwo rukiko.
Icya mbere ni uko abanditse bakanasinya ayo mabaruwa biyita; icya
kabiri ni abanyarwanda bagenewe kopi. Harimo n’ababuranye ibyaha bya
jenoside n’ibindi byibasiye inyokomuntu bikabahama bagakatirwa
burundu, bose biyita imfungwa za politiki (Prisonniers politiques de
I’ONU/ UN Political Prisoners)
Abahawe kopi ni imiryango y’abasinye ; FDU (Forces Démocratiques
Unifiées); Centre de Lutte contre l’Impunité et l’Injustice au Rwanda
(CLIIR); Association Dukomere ; na SOS Rwanda-Burundi. Aya
mashyirahamwe atatu ya nyuma akorera i Bruxelles mu Bubiligi, ahuriye
ku kintu kimwe cyo kurengera abajenosideri kimwe na FDU. Website
z’abahakana n’abamamaza jenoside y’abatutsi zirabigaragaza.
Ayo mashyirahamwe guhabwa kopi bifite icyo bivuze gikomeye. Ayo ni
amashyirahamwe cyangwa imiryango ishinzwe by’umwihariko kuburanira no
gukura abajenosideri mu kimwaro. MATATA uyobora CLIIR yigeze gutanga
ubuhamya mu rukiko Arusha, ndetse na n’ubu akaba akivuga ko abafungiye
jenoside bari Arusha ndetse n’ahandi bose barengana.
Andi ni FDU iyoborwa na Ingabire Victoire, akanayobora RDR,
yashinzwe n’abahoze mumashyaka (MRND-CDR) yateguye akanayobora
jenoside. Mvuze kuyobora jenoside kuko mubayikoze harimo na PAWA.
Ibimenyetso bigaragaza isano ya RDR/ FDLR na jenoside
n’ingengabitekerezo yayo ni byinshi kandi na MUGENZI arabizi kuko hari
ibitari bike namuhaye cyangwa nkamurangira aho abikura.
Itsembabatutsi ryafashe indi ntera muri Mata 1994, ntiryaje
ritunguranye cyangwa ngo ari uburakali bw’abaturage batewe n’urupfu
rwa Perezida Juvenali Habyarimana nk’uko abahakana jenoside y’abatutsi
mu Rwanda bakunze kubivuga. Abo bahakana icyo cyaha, icyo baba bashaka
kugeraho, mu magambo aziguye, n’ataziguye ni ukuvuga ko jenoside
itateguwe.
Umugambi wo gutsemba abatutsi mu Rwanda wabayeho uvugwa
kumugaragaro na Perezida Habyarimana nka gahunda ya politiki y’ishyaka
yayoboraga ariryo MRND. Ibyo byakozwe ku itariki ya 28 Mata 1991 ubwo
yatangizaga kongere idasanzwe ya MRND. Iryo jambo ryanakozwemo igitabo
cyanditswe mu ndimi z’ikinyarwanda n’igifaransa[ 3].
Ni iyo disikuru ya Habyarimana usangamo inkingi
z’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside y’abatutsi. Iya mbere ni uko hari
abanyarwanda (abahutu) bafite umwanzi umwe (umututsi); iya kabiri ni
uko uwo mwanzi afite kamere mbi; iya gatatu ni ugutwerera “umwanzi”
imigambi mibisha irimo no gutsemba abahutu; iya kane ni ugushishikaza
abahutu bose kumva ko bagomba gukora jenoside byitwa gushaka amahoro
arambye; iya gatanu ni ubumwe bw’abahutu n’ingengabitekerezo ya
rubanda nyamwinshi ishingira kuri R-D-R[4]; iya gatandatu ni
ukugaragaza ko umuhutu utari muri uwo mugambi ari umugambanyi; iya
karindwi ni gushaka ubufatanye n’amadini ; iya munani ikaba guhakana
ibyo byose bategura n’ibyo bazakora cyangwa bakoze.
Iyo disikuru yavuzwe n’umukuru w’igihugu mu bihe byo gutegura
jenoside, yashingiraga ku ngengabitekerezo yari isanzwe, ariko
itarajya ahagaragara ngo ivugwe n’umukuru w’igihugu, nka gahunda
y’ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi. Izo nkingi nizo nshingiraho mu
kugaragaza, no gusesengura ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside.
RDR[5] igikomeza iyo ngengabitekerezo na n’ubu, yavukiye mu nkambi
za Zaire mu mwaka w’1995 ku cyifuzo cya ex-FAR. Yafashe ubuyobozi
bw’inkambi zose zo mubihugu bidukikije, ndetse iba n’ihuriro ry’izindi
zari zikwiriye ku isi. Ibyo byemezwa na Kambanda Jean wari Minisitiri
w’Intebe ya jenoside muri ya mezi y’icuraburindi. Binemezwa kandi
n’inyandiko nyinshi z’iryo huriro n’iza ex-FAR, ko RDR yashinzwe na
MRND/CDR.
Kambanda yabwiye ICTR ko muba mbere bamamaje RDR mu nkambi
z’impunzi muri Zaire, harimo Koloneli Theoneste BAGOSORA.
Abanyamuryango bayo basobanura icyo uhagarariye n’icyo ugamije. Ikindi
kitihishira mu nyandiko zitandukanye, kandi zihari ni uko RDR
yagiriyeho gukomeza gahunda ya jenoside ya MRND-CDR, no kurengera
abicanyi.
Kugirango umuntu yumve neza inkomoko ya RDR, ni ngombwa ko umenya
nibura abanyamuryango bamwe ba mbere bayo. Ikinyamakuru Isibo n° 45
cyo kuwa 4-11/Werurwe 1992 (p.2-3) cyanditse ko hari abantu bashinze
“Ishyaka n’ishyirahamwe rifite intego yaryo ya mbere itihishiriye yo
kurimbura gatutsi”. Abahuriye muri iryo shyaka CDR banditswe n’icyo
kinyamakuru ko bamamaje ku mugaragaro “amatwara yo kurimbura ubwoko
bw’abatutsi” .
Abo ni NAHIMANA Ferdinand wayoboraga ORINFOR, MANIRAGABA Balibutsa
wigishaga muri Kaminuza i Nyakinama, NDEREYEHE Karoli, na Alexis
NSHIMIYIMANA wari umunyamakuru kuli radiyo Rwanda. Abo bagabo bakaba
baramamaje “amatwara agamije gutsembaho no kurimbura ubwoko
bw’abatutsi. ..).
Muri iyo nyandiko umunyamakuru yagaragaje ko uwo mugambi wateye
abahutu benshi isoni asaba ko abacisha mu kuri bahaguruka bakamagana
uwo mugambi wo gutsemba ubwoko bumwe no gukwiza inzangano mu
banyarwanda w’izo nkozi z’ibibi zigamije kumena amaraso ya rubanda.
Nizera ko inyandiko nk’iyo itagombaga gucika umunyamakuru nka
Mugenzi kubera ko mubavugwaga harimo babiri bakoranaga mu
itangazamakuru, kandi akwiye guhangayikishwa n’umugambi bari bafite.
NDEREYEHE Charles Ntahontuye, ni mu ba mbere batangije RDR, ndetse
aza no kuyibera Perezida. NDEREYEHE kandi, ni mubatangije, anayobora
icyitwaga Cercle des Républicains Progressistes (CRP). Ushingiye ku
nyanzuro y’inama za CRP, iryo huriro niryo ryagize igitekerezo ryo
gushingwa kwa Coalition pour la Defence de la Republique (CDR) mu
rwego rwo kwihutisha umugambi wa jenoside. Niyo nkomoko y’izina «
Impuzamugambi ». NAHIMANA, BARIBUTSA na NSHIMYIMANA nabo bari ba
fondateri ba CRP. Ako gatsiko k’abagizi ba nabi ba CRP, karakomeye ku
buryo kari kanafite ishami ryo kuli Kaminuza ya Butare riyobowe na
Dr.RWAMUCYO Eugene.
N’ubwo NAHIMANA acyiyita ifungwa ya politiki, ubu yakatiwe burundu
na ICTR kubera kwigisha urwango no gukangurira abantu gukora jenoside
kimwe na NDEREYEHE, ni mubashinze RDR anaba n’umuyoboke washinze
ishami ryayo mu gihugu cya Cameroun. Abandi bari muri iryo shami rya
Cameroun ni Col. BAGOSORA Theoneste, SEMANZA Laurent, Col. NSENGIYUMVA
Anatole, BARAYAGWIZA Jean-Bosco, BUTERA Jean-Baptiste, BIZIMUNGU
Telesphore, MUSABE Pasteur, NTAGERURA Andre, Col. MUBERUKA na
RUZINDANA Augustin.
Alexis NSHIMYIMANA yari azwi cyane mu kiganiro cya Radiyo Rwanda
Ejo nzamera nte. Ariko kandi yari n’impuzamugambi- CDR itihishira.
Nyuma ya jenoside yayobotse ALIR na FDLR ndetse anagera ku rwego
rw’umuvugizi.
Ibanga ry’abanyamakuru ba BBC na RDR
Abakoze jenoside y’abatutsi mu Rwanda by’umwihariko ab’abayobozi
babo n’abakangurambaga babo, ntabwo bigeze bemera ndetse biranakomeye
kwemeza ko bazemera ko ibyo bakoze ari icyaha cy’ubugome. Kuli bo,
icyo bakoze ni politiki. Kuyibagayira bakabibonamo ihohoterwa. Nyuma
yo gukora amahano mu gihugu bagahunga, bashinze amashyirahamwe yo
kubafasha kurwanya ikimwaro cy’ibyo bakoze ari nako anakwiza
ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside.
Ayo mashyirahamwe cyangwa amahuriro y’ubugome, BBC-Gahuzamiryango
yayatije umurindi iyashyira mu rwego rw’amashyaka ya politiki arwanya
ubutegetsi mu Rwanda. Mu mwaka w’2005, IMVO N’IMVANO yateguye
ikiganiro cyihariye cyo kwizihiza imyaka 10 kuva RDR ibayeho. Urubuga
ruba urw’ababaye abayobozi bayo. Iryo kosa ryo kwita impuzabugome
“abatavuga rumwe” na leta y’u Rwanda, nicyo gituma abajenosideri
batinyuka bakiyita imfunga za politiki.
Ibikorwa by’abanyanamakuru ba BBC nka Mugenzi na Nshimiyimana byo
guha urubuga abajenosideri si ibyo gushira amakenga. Ku itariki ya 3
Ukwakira 1996, uwayoboraga ubutasi bwa ex-FAR, Lt.Col. BAHUFITE
Juvenal alias Maneno Sother, yakoze inyandiko ku umushinga wa
propaganda cyangwa intambara yabo mu itangazamakuru. Iyo nyandiko
yohererejwe umunyamabanga mukuru RDR wabaga i Nairobi muri Kenya.
Iyo nyandiko yakorewe i Bulonge, ahari icyicaro ex-FAR,
yohererejwe uwo munyamabanga wa RDR inyujijwe kuli Jenerali Majoro
BIZIMUNGU Augustin alias Kamanda Yves. Uwo mushinga wari umaze
kwemezwa n’abo bayobozi ba ex-FAR.
Umushinga w’iyo nyandiko yitwa Redynamisation de la Campagne
Médiatique wari waroherejwe muri Zaire na Komiseri wa RDR ushinzwe
itangazamakuru, NZABANDORA Chris, wari utuye Nairobi. Icyo iyo
nyandiko igaragaza ni uko hari ingamba zafashwe icyo gihe, nkeka ko
arizo zishyirwa mubikorwa ubu na bamwe mubanyamakuru ba BBC na VOA.
Abo bakaba ari abanyamakuru bakoreraga radiyo Rwanda cyangwa
barakoreraga itangazamakuru ryigishije abahutu kwica abatutsi nka
Kangura n’Umurwanashyaka n’ibindi.
Iyo ntambara bari batangiye, ahanini yari iyo kubakura mu kato
(embargo) amahanga yari yarashyizemo abajenosideri. Zimwe mu ntego
bihaye ni ukwiga uburyo bunoze ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga
byakoreshwa; no gutegura ubutumwa bwatambutswa mu binyamakuru,
mubiganiro mbwirwaruhame no mumatangazo.
Icyo byari bigamije, ukurikije iyo nyandiko, ni uguhindura ishusho
y’umujenosideri (Changer l’image de génocidaire qui continue de planer
sur les réfugiés HUTU); kwangisha cyangwa guharabika FPR, guhamagarira
abaturage bo hanze no mugihugu bayoboka RDR, n’umuryango mpuzamahanga
ugashyigikira ibikorwa byayo. Iyo ntambara y’itangazamakuru bavuga aho
izanyuzwa.
Aha mbere bavugaga ko bagomba kwibanda ni mubinyamakuru byandikwa
– cyane cyane ibinyamakuru mpuzamahanga, e-mail na za taragiti.
Ahakabiri ni amaradiyo – bakibanda cyane kumaradiyo avuga
igiswayire ya BBC, n’amakuru mu cyongereza ya BBC na VOA. Ku makuru
y’ikinyarwanda kuri ayo maradiyo abiri bakavuga ko bazegera
by’umwihariko abanyamakuru n’abahagararira itegurwa ryayo. mu
gifaransa bavuze ngo “…ainsi que le service Kinyarwanda de VOA et
BBC doivent être exploités et des contacts directs avec les
producteurs sont recommandés.”
Aha gatatu ni za agenses de presse/news agencies. By’umwihariko
RDR na ex-FAR bakavuga ko bazakoresha agences za Kiliziya na AFP.
“Des démarches sont en cours pour intéresser le réseau des Eglises
(Africa News, News People, Concertation chrétieme pour la région des
Grands Lacs etc . . .) Certaines agences telle que 1’AFP disposent
d’un systeme d’abonnement au Bulletin quotidien (sélectif) ou par
courrier électronique. ” Aha ni naho ntekereza ko za agencies nka MISNA
zaziyemo.
Ikigaragara ubu ni uko gahunda yatangijwe mu 1996 igikomeza kuri
BBC na VOA. Bamwe muri abo banyamakuru bavuzwe bagiye muri gahunda yo
kwanduza isura ya FPR, guhakana jenoside cyangwa guhindura isura
y’abayikoze (bayigira nziza) nkuko babyivugiye. Abakoreshwa muri iyo
gahunda ni abantu bahakana cyangwa bapfobya jenoside- baba
abanyarwanda cyangwa abanyamahanga, bapfa kwibwira ko ababumva babemera.
Gukomeza guha urubuga abajenosideri kuri Radiyo nka BBC ivuga mu
kinyarwanda no mu kirundi, si uburangare cyangwa ubujiji bubitera.
MUGENZI Ally Yusuf uyobora BBC-Gahuzamiryango arabizi. Ibimenyetso
by’uko abo yavuganaga nabo ari abagome arabifite. Akorana ikiganiro
n’abayobozi ba RDR, mu kwizihizaga imyaka 10 imaze, yari azi icyo
akora. Ntabwo byaba ari ya gahunda yakozwe mu 1996?
Nimwibaze umuturage w’umunyarwanda wumva kuli radiyo mpuzamahanga
ivugira i London, akayumvamo amajwi y’abavugizi b’abajenosideri;
amajwi y’abayoboraga inkambi bababuza gutaha mu gihugu cyabo.
Umwanzuro
Muri iyi nyandiko, aho nanditse abajenosideri si abicanyi bazwi
cyangwa babihaniwe mba mvuga bonyine. Abahakana bakanapfobyha jenoside
nabo mbashyiramo. Abanyarwanda bafite inshingano yo kurwanya
ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n’ibyo igaragariramo byose.
N’abanyarwanda bakorera BBC iyo nshingano barayifite. Iyo bagira
ubushake bwo kujya muri urwo rugamba nta kibazo kiba kivugwa
cy’abarangurura ijwi ry’urwango n’irimburabwoko mu maradiyo.
Radiyo BBC igira amakuru meza idutangariza kubera ubushobozi
n’ubwisanzure bwo kuyatara no kuyatangaza. Ubufatanye n’iyo radiyo
ntibukwiye kurangirira mu kuborohereza mu gukwiza amatangazo, kandi
harimo ayanduza ubwenge n’arwaza imitima.
Kubera ubufatanye bwanyu, nimwibutse abayobora BBC akamaro ko
kugira ubwisanzure bugira umupaka. Mubabwire ko guhakana no gupfobya
jenoside ari n’icyaha mu mategeko y’u Rwanda (Itegeko Nshinga ry’u
Rwanda Art. 13), bikaba n’umuyoboro w’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside.
Iyo ngingo irabareba kuko amajwi bayasakaza mu Rwanda.
Iyo Radiyo hari abanyamakuru (ubu bigize abakangurambaga
b’urwango) bayo bayihinduye urubuga rw’iyo ngengabitekerezo nkaho
byemewe. Nimubibibutse ko BBC-Gahuzamiryango ivuga mu ndimi z’abantu
benshi bumva, ibibi biyivugirwamo bikabagiraho ingaruka. Uwo muri
Malawi cyangwa Gabon cyangwa Vanuatu uzumva kuli mudasobwa atari
umunyarwanda n’umurundi ntacyo bimubwira.
Uretse n’izo ndimi, iyo radiyo ikwiye kwibaza cyane ku makuru
avuga ku Rwanda ndetse n’ay’aka karere. Yaba ari ayo mu gifaransa,
icyongereza n’igiswayire. Bakwiye kwitondera abitwa “batavuga rumwe na
leta y’u Rwanda”. Abenshi muri bo ni abagendera kuli gahunda naberetse.
Ijambo rirubaka kandi rigasenya. U Rwanda rwashenywe bihagije
n’amagambo y’urwango none banyarwanda barugarijwe. Mwe muyobora
ORINFOR na Radiyo 10, ubufatanye mufite nimubukoreshe kuzitira urwango
runyuzwa muri iyo radiyo kandi birashoboka.
Abacyenyegeza urwango rwatugejeje kw’irimburabwoko bakwiriye
kubuzwa ubwisanzure. Bikwiye kuba none, kuko byagombye kuba byarakozwe
ejo hashize.
Mbashimiye uburyo mubyakira
Ndahiro Tom
Bimenyeshejwe:
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe wa SENA- Kigali
Minisitiri w’Itangazamakuru – Kigali
Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru- Kigali
Perezida w’umuryango IBUKA
———— ——— ——— —
[1] Bivuze British Broadcasting Corporation
[2] CLIIR ni mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa. Mukinyarwanda
bisobanura “Ikigo kirwanya umuco wo kudahana n’akarengane mu Rwanda”
[3] Disikuru General-Major Habyarimana Yuvenali, Perezida
Fondateri wa Mouvement Revolutionnaire iharanira Amajyambere y’u
Rwanda yavuze atangiza kongere idasanzweya MRND yo ku wa 28 Mata 1991.
Perezidansi ya Repubulika, Gicurasi-1991. Yahereyeko ihindura izina
ivuga ko iharanira Revolisiyo, Demokarasi, Repubulika.
[4] R-D-R nshaka kuvuga ni Revolisiyo, Demokarasi, Repubulika.
[5] RDR yatangiye yitwa Rassemblement pour le Retour des
Réfugiés et la Démocratie au Rwanda. Nkuko MRND yaje guhindura izina
rijyanye n’amatwara ya R-D-R, n’iri naryo ryarahindutse riba
Rassemblement Républicain pour la Démocratie au Rwanda
