Na: Tom Ndahiro
Ku itariki ya 9 Ukuboza 1948, Umuryango w’abibumbye wasinye itegeko mpuzamahanga ryo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside. Iryo tegeko rivuga ko ari inshingano ya buri wese mu nyokomuntu kurwanya icyo cyaha cyatikije benshi mu mateka y’isi.
Kurwanya no gukumira iki cyaha bisaba kubanza kwumva neza icyo urwanya ari cyo. Jenoside ihanwa kandi igakumirwa kuko ari mbi, kandi mbi cyane.
Mu nyandiko ebyiri zibanziriza iyi nagaragaje ko hari amagambo adakwiriye, kandi mabi mu ndirimbo za Kizito Mihigo zigaragaza kugira jenoside ko ari ikintu cyiza cyangwa se ari ikintu cyoroheje.
Ibi mbisubiyeho ngo urubyiruko rw’abanyarwanda rwumve ko jenoside idakwiye “utubyiniriro” nk’inzira ya bamwe bumva kubagarira yose aribyo bigomba kubaranga. Si urubyiruko gusa bireba n’abakuru ndabasaba kwikubita agashyi bakareka imvugo ziyobya ukuri.
Jenoside si intambara si urugomo
Mu ndirimbo “Igisonuro cy’urupfu” Kizito aririmbamo amagambo mpereyeho “Nta rupfu rwiza rubaho yaba Jenoside cyangwa intambara Uwishwe n’abihorera, uwazize impanuka cyangwa se uwazize indwara”.
Ahandi ati: “Jenoside yangize imfubyi; ariko ntikanyibagize abandi bantu nabo bababaye bazize urugomo rutiswe Jenoside”.
Aha niho mpereye. Ibyo kugereranya jenoside n’impanuka n’abihorera narabyanditse mu nyandiko ebyiri zabanjirije iyi. Simbigarukaho. Mbivuze gusa kuko bitibagiranye.
Intambara igomba gutandukanywa na jenoside. Mu Rwanda kimwe n’ahandi hari abantu mu mateka ya vuba bapfuye baguye mu ntambara zitandukanye.
Mu Rwanda hari benshi baguye mu ntambara yashyamiranyaga leta ya Habyarimana n’Inkotanyi.
Abo tubibuka bose nk’abana b’ u Rwanda batagombaga gupfa barasanye nk’abanyarwanda.
Mvuga ko bitari ngombwa ko bapfa kuko intambara yabayeho kuko hari impamvu yayiteye. Kuba iyo ntambara yarabaye, hari ikiyiteye, ni nayo mpamvu yatumye habaho imishyikirano hagati y’impande zarwanaga, imishyikirano amahanga yagizemo uruhare.
Ni iyo mishyikirano yashojwe n’Amasezerano y’Amahoro ya Arusha, Tanzania ku wa 4 Kanama 1993. Ayo masezerano kuba yarabaye ni uko intambara ari kimwe mu makimbirane ya politiki ashobora kurangizwa n’imishyikirano cyangwa hakagira utsindwa.
Abateguye jenoside banze ibyavuye mu mishyikirano bahitamo inzira ya jenoside n’intambara. Inkotanyi zifata icyemezo cyo kubarwanya kandi irabatsinda.
Kuba baratsinzwe byatumye kurwanya ingengabitekerezo yabo bishoboka. No kwibuka jenoside bigakorwa. Iyo badatsindwa ntibyari gushoboka.
Jenoside si amakimbirane ya politiki, ahubwo n’icyaha cya politiki y’ubugome. Nta mishyikirano ibaho n’abakoze jenoside ahubwo barakurikiranwa bagahanwa bagasubizwa mu mwanya bakwiriye.
Intambara ishobora kuba ngombwa kandi igashyigikirwa n’amahanga. Mu ntambara ya kabili y’isi amahanga yarahuje arwanya Hitler n’aba Nazi be. Muri iyo ntambara, haguyemo abantu barenga za miliyoni mirongo ingahe. Kimwe n’ahandi.
Abo bose baguye muri izo ntambara baribukwa nk’intwari, ariko ntibitwa ko bazize jenoside nk’iyakorewe abayahudi miliyoni 6.
N’itegeko navuze ryo mu 1948, ryashyiriweho guhana abakoze jenoside ntiryashyiriweho guhana abarwana mu ntambara.
Amategeko yashyizwe ho ahana ibyaha by’intambara, ahana ibyaha bikozwe mu ntambara ntahana intambara. Anatandukanye n’itegeko rihana jenoside.
Hari abasirikare benshi b’inkotanyi bapfuye mu gikorwa cyo kurwanya abasirikare ba FAR, Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi.
Icyo gikorwa cyo kurwanya abakora jenoside, urwana kubayikorerwa yari intambara ya ngombwa kandi ishimwa. N’amahanga ataratabaye ngo afatanye n’Inkotanyi na n’ubu arabigayirwa andi akigaya ubwayo kuko yatengushye inyokomuntu.
Iyo ntambara y’Inkotanyi ni igikorwa cy’ubutwari si igikorwa cy’ubugome nka jenoside. Abasirikare bapfuye barwanya abajenosideri bafite uko bibukwa ariko ntitubagira mu cyunamo.
Abasirikare bose barwanye, ku mpande zombi, bibukirwa mu ntwari yiswe “Umusirikare utazwi.”
Tujya mu cyunamo cy’abazize jenoside kuko bataguye mu ntambara ahubwo bishwe batarwana kandi bazira icyo bari cyo gusa.
Muri jenoside abayiguyemo bazize ubwoko ntibazize intambara. Ntabwo Impinja zishwe nabi ari intambara zirwana.
Ibitambambuga byajugunywe mu misarani cyangwa byakubitwaga ku mabuye ntabwo byari mu ntambara. Barwana na nde! Abakecuru n’abasaza se bo bararwanaga? Barwana ku rugerero rwo kujya kwihisha mu Kiliziya bakayibasenyeraho?
Ngo uwacitse ku icumu apfobya ate jenoside? Ni uko nyine byo kugereranya urupfu rwa jenoside n’urw’intambara.
Kuvuga ngo uwazize “urugomo rutiswe jenoside” ngo yibukwa kimwe n’uwazize jenoside byakwitwa iki koko?
Urugomo bivuze iki? Jenoside si urugomo nta n’igikorwa cy’urugomo gikwiye kwitwa cyangwa kugereranywa na jenoside.
Abantu bashobora kurara bataramye bugacya, bikitwa urugomo. Ibyo kandi ni imvugo isanzwe.
Abantu bashobora kwita umuntu umunyarugomo yabatindije ahantu kubera urwenya n’ibindi nkabyo. Nta bugome burimo.
Hari urugomo rushobora kuvamo kubabaza umuntu ndetse agakomereka cyangwa bikanamuviramo urupfu, ariko ntibyitwe ubugome.
Abana kera bateganaga umutsina mu nzira. Bagapfundikanya utwatsi tw’umutsina ku mpande ebyiri z’inzira.
Umwana urangaye akagenda atareba hasi, akaza kugwa cyangwa akamena icyo yikoreye utwo twatsi tumuteze. Ibyo byitwaga urugomo!
Ibyo kuvuga ngo hari urugomo rutiswe jenoside, sinabyumvise neza, sinzabyumva icyo numvise n’uko uwabiririmbye atumva jenoside icyo ari cyo.
Imvugo nk’iyo ipfobya jenoside ifite ibo yashimishije. Niba umushinga wari uwo, hari icyo wagezeho n’ubwo kitazaramba.
Uko kugereranya jenoside n’urugomo, byatumye nibuka ubuhamya numvise. Mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, hari umwana bashyize mu cyobo batangira kumujugunyaho itaka kuko umugambi w’abicanyi wari ukumutaba ari muzima.
Ibitaka bitangiye kujya umwana mu maso, atangira kurira abwira umwicanyi ko amutokoza.
Iruhande rw’uwo mwicanyi ngo hari umwana we wari usanzwe akinana n’uwo batabaga. Uwo mwana ureba mugenzi we bamushyiraho igitaka ngo yatangiye kubwira se ko akwiye kureka iyo mikino iganisha ku gutokoza no gutaba mugenzi we bari basanzwe bakinana.
Abo bana bombi, babanje kwibeshya ko ibyo uwo muntu mukuru w’umwicanyi yakoraga ari urugomo kandi akora jenoside. Abibeshyaga bari abana. Na Kizito se ni we?
Jenoside si ukwihorera
Kuba hari abantu bishwe kubera abihoreye ni ukuri byabayeho. Kwihorera kenshi bivugwa habaye kwicira umuntu uwe noneho uwiciwe akica uwamwiciye bisa no kwiyishyura.
Kubishyira mu rwego rumwe n’abakorewe jenoside ni iby’abajenosideri n’inshuti zabo bahora bashaka kwemeza ko habaye jenoside ebyiri kandi bazi neza ko atari byo.
Ese koko haba harabaye kwihorera kw’abacitse ku icumu cyangwa abasirikare b’Inkotanyi ugereranyije n’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi? Bivugwa n’abigiza nkana n’abashaka guhisha ukuri.
Ibi uwabyemera n’utazi uko ubuyobozi bw’Inkotanyi bwahanaga cyane abantu bahohoteye abaturage cyangwa uwo bamenye ko yishe umuturage uwo ariwe wese.
Guhana abishe bihorera kw’Inkotanyi, byatumye benshi mubabikoraga bahunga cyangwa bakirasa kuko n’ubundi babaga bazi uruzabakanirwa bafashwe.
Iyo politiki yabayeho irakomeza na n’ubu. Ubihakana ni utazi Inkotanyi.
Harya umusirikare w’Inkotanyi yari kubona aho abantu bica abantu ngo abareke ngo kuko bakoresha imihoro n’ibisongo n’amacumu? Uwicishaga umupanga n’uwicishaga imbunda nta tandukaniro.
Mu gihe cya jenoside yakokorerwaga Abatutsi hari abantu benshi batahigwaga baguye mu mirwano kandi abakoze jenoside n’inshuti zabo batajya bavuga.
Abaturage bashowe mu mirwano ya gisirikare batabishoboye uretse ko ngo umutegetsi cyangwa umunyapolitiki kanaka yabivuze kuli radio Rwanda cyangwa RTLM.
Ku itariki ya 12 Mata 1994, Karamira Froduald wa MDR Pawa, yagiranye ikiganiro kuli Radio Rwanda na Bamwanga Jean Baptiste. Icyo kiganiro Karamira yasaga nk’aho ari mu bantu bategura cyangwa bayobora urugamba.
Mubyo yabwiye abamwumvaga, birumvikana ko atari Abatutsi bahigwaga, ni uko ngo intambara yari imaze “guhindura isura”. Yabwiye abo abwira ko bakwiye kwishyira hamwe bakirwanaho/bakirengera. Muri abo ntawahigwaga!
Karamira yabasabye ko badakwiye “kugira ubwoba” bakarwana hafi y’ingabo zabo. Barwanira “ubusugire bw’igihugu.”
Si n’ibyo kuvuga ngo barwanire kure y’abasirikare, amabwiriza bari barahaye abaturage ni ukudatana n’abasirikare, ngo byaba ngombwa bakahasiga ubuzima. Ni ikiganiro kirekire.
Abenshi muri abo baturage bashishikarizwaga gufasha FAR kurwanya abo bitaga Inyenzi, bagomba kuba barapfaga cyane. Cyane ko banababeshyaga ko Inkotanyi nta mbaraga zifite, ndetse ko zigendana imbunda zitarimo amasasu.
Hari n’ubwo babeshyaga abaturage ngo mu mbunda z’Inkotanyi habamo amashaza. Ibyo kandi bakabivuga ku maradiyo yabo. RTLM, n’iy’igihugu.
Ibyo bintu byo kubeshya abaturage babashora mu ntambara badashoboye, ubuyobozi bw’Inkotanyi bwarabyamaganye kenshi. Urugero n’itangazo rya Perezida wa FPR, Col. Alexis Kanyarengwe yasomye kuli radiyo Muhabura kuwa 10 Mata.
Urugero rwo kubeshya abo baturage ruri muri icyo kiganiro aho Bamwanga yamubajije ko ari ukuri ko hari Inkotanyi zaba zarabashije kugera i Kigali zivuye i Byumba.
Yigize nyirandabizi avuga ko ibyo ari ibinyoma. Ku wa 11 Mata hari Inkotanyi zirenga igihumbi zari zaraye zigeze muri CND i Kigali gufatanya n’abandi gutabara.
Kumanuka kwazo ntikwigeze kugirwa ibanga n’umuyobozi w’ikirenga wa APR, Gen. Paul Kagame.
Karamira yirarira anabeshya abaturage, nibwo Inkotanyi zari zafashe umusozi wa Rebero bigatuma ku gicamunsi leta y’abajenosideri iyobowe na Sindikubwabo yimuka mu murwa mukuru ikajya gukorera i Gitarama.
Uko kwimuka mu mujyi nyuma y’iminsi itanu gusa intambara yo kurwanya jenoside itangiye, nta na rimwe byigeze bisobanurirwa abaturage batungishwaga ikinyoma n’umutongero w’ubugome bwa jenoside.
Kuri iyo tariki ya 12 Mata, na Minisitiri w’Ingabo, Augustin Bizimana, yari yakoze itangazo naryo rishishikariza abaturage kwinjira mu ntambara bakarwanya umwanzi bari kumwe n’abasirikare.
Icyo uwo mu minisitiri yabashishikarizaga harimo gukora jenoside no kurwana abyita “gufasha gutahura aho umwanzi yihishe.” Umwanzi yavugaga ko “ashaka kugarura ubwami.”
Uyu Bizimana ari mu rwego rwa ba Felicien Kabuga. Ari mu bantu bahigwa n’ubutabera mpuzamahanga akaba yarihishe bikabije.
Jenoside nk’umusaraba w’u Rwanda?
Mu ndirimbo za Kizito Mihigo kenshi yashushanyije urupfu rwa jenoside mu kababaro ka Yesu.
Ngo ahimba “igisobanuro cy’urupfu”yatekerezaga “ko mu gisibo, abakristu tuzirikana akababaro n’urupfu bya Yezu, ariko ntibirangirire ku musaraba.” Abisobanura ati: “Ni nka bya bindi naririmbye muri “Twanze gutoberwa amateka” aho aririmba ngo “Sintaka umusaraba ubwawo, jyewe nivugira izuka wangejejeho”.
Kizito akabisobanura ngo “Nibyo rero, numva akababaro kanjye kabona igisobanuro mu kababaro ka Yezu, maze icyizere kiruta ikindi nkakivana mu izuka rye. Niyo mpamvu, muri Twanze gutoberwa amateka na none, mvuga ngo: “Sinkunda urupfu ubwarwo kuko nta kiza rugira, ahubwo rutubera nk’umuryango, tukinjira mu buzima buhoraho.”
Ibyo kuzuka n’ibindi simbitandaho kuko nta mututsi wishwe ngo azuke. Ibya Kizito wageze ku izuka atarapfuye nabyo niwe wabisobanura.
Ndagaruka ku musaraba yaririmbye kenshi. Hari n’indirimbo ivuga ko Jenoside ari wo musaraba w’uru Rwanda.
Ari izuka ari n’umusalaba byose ni ibimenyetso (symbolism). Umusaraba ni cyo kimenyetso gikuru cyo gucungurwa (salvation) ku bantu bemera.
Umusaraba ukaba ari ho Isezerano Rishya rya Bibiliya rizingiye kuko ari cyo kigaragaza imbaraga z’ Imana. (1 Abakorinto 1:18)
Umusaraba igaragara nkinzira y’ubuzima bw’umukiristu (Luka 9:23; 14:27 Matayo 10:38; 16:24 na Mariko 8:34; 10:39).
Umusaraba ku bawemera ni inzira iganisha ku gucungurwa (1Abakorinto 2:14 n’Abagalatiya 6:14)
Ni ikimenyetso cyo guhuzwa kw’inyoko muntu yatatanye (Abefeso 2:16 ndetse n’1 Abakorinto 1:20)
Umusaraba kandi ugasobanura guhanagurwaho ibyaha (1Abakorinto 6:11Abaroma 4:25; 3:24; 5:16 na 18; 8:30) kimwe n’uko usobanura kwinjizwa mu muryango mushya n’ibindi…
Iyo ubona abasenyeri cyangwa Papa bambara umusaraba kandi munini ugaragara, si ikintu kibi nka jenoside baba bambaye. Iyo ubuna insengero na kiliziya zirangwa n’uwo musaraba, ntabwo byaba ari nka jenoside.
Hari indirimbo y’abaporoso baririmba ngo: “Ndashima umusaraba, ndashima ya mva nziza…”ahandi muri iyo ndirimbo bakavuga ngo: “Ku musaraba mwiza niho umuntu abonera…”
Hari indi ndirimbo njya numva ngo: “Ku musaraba wawe mwiza niho amahanga yacunguriwe.. i Gologota wahavanye iminyago…”
Ari ibisobanuro bitangwa na Bibiliya bigasobanurwa n’ibikorwa n’indirimbo, ntacyerekana ko umusaraba ari ikintu kibi nka jenoside.
Jenoside yaba agakiza ryari? Ni nde jenoside yacungura?
Abantu babonaga jenoside nk’agakiza karambye ni abajenosideri gusa kuko kuri bon ta mahoro yari kuboneka mu Rwanda Abatutsi bariho. Nibyo Kizito atubwira?
Ni n’abajenosideri badukanye imvugo y’uko bishe Abatutsi kuko ari Imana yabatanze. Bitandukaniye he ni uko ngo urupfu rwose haba harimo ijwi ry’Imana!
No kuvuga ko jenoside ari nziza ku Rwanda, bigusha muri ya mvugo y’abajenosideri n’inshuti zabo ngo: “Leta y’u Rwanda yahinduye jenoside igishoro cy’ubucuruzi” Ngo inyungu ibi iyihe?
Jenoside si umusaraba wacu. Jenoside n’ingengabitekerezo yayo tuyibonamo ikibazo si igisubizo.
Umwanzuro
Jenoside niyitwe icyo ari cyo. Umututsi wacitse ku icumu akwiye kwirinda imvugo ishushanya agashinyaguro gaha ikuzo uwakoze jenoside n’uyishyikiye. Iyo jenoside yitwa igishoro cy’ubucuruzi n’abayikoze abantu bakwibaza impuhwe ziba zigirirwa abari baragambiriwe kurimburwa.
Umunyarwanda ubyiruka, niyibuke ko ubigisha ko jenoside ibamo inyungu nta rukundo aba abafitiye. Nta n’ineza aba afitiye umunyarwanda. Jenoside ni iyo kugawa, kurwanywa no gukumirwa.
Bikwiye kwumvikana neza ko guha jenoside ishusho itari yo, biha uwayikoze n’uyishyigikiye morali. Guhakana jenoside mu buryo busanzwe bigaragara nabi bakabinyuza mu kwemera bereka abantu ko jenoside ari ingabire y’Imana cyangwa ari ngombwa.
Ibyo kugereranya urupfu rw’Abatutsi n’urupfu rwa Yesu ku bushake bwe yarangiza akazuka, bikwiye kwamaganwa abantu bakabireka.
Kubikomeza ni ukubagarira ipfobya. Ushaka ko icyaha kirwanywa azacyamagane aho kugitagatifuza.
Ari ababikora kubera inyungu n’ababikora kubera ubujiji kuko nabo barahari. Ikindi ababikora bajye bibuka ko mubazize jenoside, bose batari abakristu.
Abayisilamu bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo ntibakwiye kuzingirwa mu yindi myemerere. Ivangura ni uko rikura. Abo batari abakristu, harimo n’abana bazajye bibukwa nk’abanyarwanda.
Ibyo bikanagaruka ku gitekerezo cyo guhuza u Rwanda n’idini bikorwa kenshi kuko ntawe ubicyaha.
Nsabye abazasoma iyi nyandiko gusoma n’izindi nanditse imyaka itatu ishize kugirango tumenye ko ibyo Kizito aririmba ari ingengabitekerezo imaze igihe igamije kurangaza abacitse ku icumu.
Kanda: Padiri Kagabo yigishije ko jenoside yari ngombwa, ikaba umugisha wakomeje ukwemera
Ukande na: Imyaka 15 Irashize Jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi Yiswe Ingabire y’Imana
